"Explosion technology"— scientific and technical journal

Influence of blocknessand thegrid of wells on the granulometric composition of exploded rocks

Keywords: the content of natural separation in the array of rocks, blockiness of the rock mass, drilling and blasting parameters, well grid, automated determination of the granulometric composition of blasted rock

The article analyzes the influence of blockiness of the rock mass and the grid of wells on the composition of the blasted rock mass.It is based on the developed analytical method for determining the granulometric composition of blasted rocks during blasting of ledges by well charges.The results of the explosion in the rock massifs of various blockiness and with different well grids are modeled by the proposed method of automated prediction of the composition of blasted rocks.

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2. Rakishev B.R., Rakisheva Z.B. Theoretical estimation of granulometric structure of exploded mining rocks at the quarries.// Proceedings of the Siksteenth international Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection. (MPES 2007) and the Tenth International Symposium on 1 Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production (SWEMP 2007). Bangkok, Toyland, 2007. – Vol.1. – P.908-912.
3. Rakishev B.R., Rakisheva Z.B., Aujezova A.M., Kuttybaev A.E. Analiticheskoe opredelenie granulometricheskogo sostava vzorvannoj gornoj massy pri skvazhinnyh zarjadah droblenija.// Vzryvnoe delo -№113/70. Moskva, 2015. P.6-19.
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10. Dugarcyrenov A.V., Kim S.I.., Dolzhikov K.I., Petrov A.N., Markov V.S. Vzryvnoe razrushenie gornyh porod raznoprochnyh massivov // GIAB. 2012. №11. P.372-376.
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Numerical simulation of the destroyed unit rock explosion taking into account the laboratory experiments

Keywords: numerical modeling, ferruginous quartzites, equation of state, rock destruction, explosion, zone of destruction, Johnson-Holmquist-2 strength model (JH-2), charge design

The article presents the results of numerical simulation of the explosion based on the finite element method. The stages of creating a computational model, which consist in the construction of geometry, creating a finite element computational grid, the initial and boundary conditions, are described. As the model strength of the rock was used the equation of state of Johnson-Holmqvist. To verify the results of numerical calculation, laboratory tests were carried out on the physical model of the block of ferrous quartzites in compliance with the similarity criteria. The dependences of the radial acceleration of the ore body on time for verification of the numerical model are shown. Based on the verified model, the zone of destruction and fields of the equivalent stress when blasting for different designs of the borehole charge. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the explosive impact on the array of different designs to solve the problem of study of the high bench bottom.

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3. Borovikov, V. A. Fizicheskoe modelirovanie dejstviya vzryva i processa razrusheniya gornyh porod vzryvom (Physical modeling of the explosion and the process of destruction of rocks by the explosion) // izd. LGI, 1984. – p.106.
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13. Nefedov, M. A. Napravlennoe razrushenie gornyh porod vzryvom (Directional destruction of rocks by an explosion) / M. A. Nefedov. – Spb, Izd. SPb universiteta. 235p.

Quality of blasted rock mass is a result of the type of dynamic loading

Keywords: design, explosion, shock waves, voltage, crushing Wednesday, fighting waves, destruction, granulometric composition

Discusses the results of a study of the impact of various types of dynamic loads, defined by the design features of the explosive charge on the movement of solid Wednesday and as a result, the distribution of particle size composition of blasted rock mass. Are the results of the calculation gasdynamic phenomena arising in the interaction of individual parts of the charge and their impact on the growth and branching cracks, causing the resulting quality of preparation of blasted rock mass for further work

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Destruction of rocks blast hole charges on the basis of helper

Keywords: rock, blast hole charge, helper, the Ammonite zone of crushing, the fracture zone, granulometric composition, detonation

In a special experiment, a comparison of the characteristics of destruction of solid rock explosions blast hole charges of industrial explosives «Helper GP-T» (developed by OOO «Scientific-Production Enterprise «Chemical Technology»»), and Ammonite. The correctness of the relative impact was achieved by the implementation of the Vernier approach, i.e. a high degree of identity of conditions of blasting. The distribution of the granularity of the destroyed rock is shown. It is noted the increased effect of the explosions of charges gelora compared to charges of Ammonite in the area of cracking.The results of the study of the process of detonation of gel PVV electromagnetic method. In the plots of the records of detonation differences of explosions of charges helper and model VV reducing the maximum peak pressure increased the duration of the region of high pressure and the lack of a clearly distinguishable point of Chapman-Jouguet.

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Evaluation of the effect of air gap on the efficiency of blasting borehole charges

Keywords: well, air gap, diameter of charge and well, charge, crushing, pressure

The paper gives an overview of the research on the action of the charge with an air gap. An analytical analysis of the pressure reduction of explosive detonation products during the explosion of charges with an air gap is carried out. On the basis of the analytical study, it is shown that as a result of the use of air gaps, the effect of the explosion on the walls of wells is significantly reduced and the zone of fine crushing is reduced. It is shown that with the appearance of air gaps, the time of departure of the tamping from the well decreases. Variants of optimization of parameters of blasting operations at the expense of application of an air interval are offered.

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2. Dugartsyrenov A.V., Rakhmanov R.A. Evaluation of the effectiveness drable-tion of rocks charges with air gaps // Blast-ing. 2018. No. 121/78.
3. Borehole charges with air gaps / M. S. Akayev, B. G. Tregubov, A. A. Krutilin, A. G. Trofimovich. Novosibirsk, 1974. – 91c.
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5. Shevkun E.B., Leschinsky A.V. Dispersion of borehole charges with polystyrene foam.
6. Baum, F.A. Evaluation of the efficiency of the blast dawn-ing air gaps vzryv. 1964. No. 54/11. P. 48-52.
7. Krivoshein I.R., Mine, M.I., Korkunov G.S. The Choice of the rational design of charge to Vsevolodo-vil'venskiy career // the Explosive case. 1963. No. 51/8. P. 159-169.
8. Melnikov N.In. Marchenko L.N. The energy of the explosion and design of the series. M., 1964. 138 p.
9. Kim M.F. Experience of application of charges with air gaps on the careers of Kazakhstan // the Explosive case. 1967. No. 62/19. P. 215-225.
10. Study of the effectiveness of charge air Prome-godami / M. G .Novozhilov, M. F. Drukovanyy, L. M. Gaiman, V. M. Komir, I. A. Semenyuk // Explosive case. 1964. No. 54/11. P. 113-124.
11. Tikhovidov A.F. Air gaps and protozoa VV – important reserves for increasing the efficiency of blasting // Explosive case. 1964. No. 54/11. P. 241-244.
12. Brotanek I., Water. Contour blasting in mining and construction. M., Nedra, 1983. 144 p.
13. Dugartsyrenov A.V. The Account of forces of friction when moving the tamping in the well // the Explosive case. 2016. No. 116/73. P. 63-70.
14. Dugartsyrenov A.V., Kim I.T., Rakhmanov R.A., Zarovnyaev B.N., Shubin G.V., Nikolaev S.P. The effects of increased deliveries of gas detona tion-tion on the departure time of tamping with the explosion of borehole charges. // Explosive case. 2016. No. 116/73. P. 48-62.
15. Dugartsyrenov, A.V., Rakhmanov, A.V., Zarovnyaev, Shubin G.V. Control of pressure pulse of detonation products in the explosion of well charges in quarries / / Explosive case. 2018. No. 119/76.
16. Dugartsyrenov A.V., Rakhmanov R.A. Research of process of departure of the combined tamping with the explosion of borehole charges // Explosive case. 2018. No. 120/77.

On the scale results of comparative field tests modeling of the explosive charges on the basis of porous ammonium nitrate

Keywords: porous ammonium nitrate, explosive blend, Velocity of detonation, detonation characteristics, explosives

The article presents the results of comparative field tests, which have been aimed at determining the detonation characteristics of the «ANFO» compositions as explosive systems, and their optimization using LDAN produced by «NAC AZOT» according to TU 2143.073-0576 1643-2013. A program of field tests of explosive charges based on the specified LDAN with diesel fuel is described, which provides for the determination of velocity of detonation using modern methods at a specialized test complex of GosNIIMash JSC.

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Modern considerations about the structure of granules of ammonia salivers and mixed explosives on its basis

Keywords: explosive mixtures, ammonium nitrate, granule structure, explosion model, chemical processes, explosion products, nitrogen oxides

A classification of AS varieties (AN) produced by nitrogen plants of the Russian Federation, including P AS versions (ANPP) of world-class quality is given. The features of the structure of particles-granules of new types of AN and mixed explosives based on them are highlighted. To explain the behavior of the mixtures, explosion models have been used, refined using the laws of chemistry and the formation of end products, often containing oxides of nitrogen.

New decisions on the provision of explosive works in Mongoles with explosive materials

Keywords: mixed explosives, emulsions, charging machines, well tamping, drilling and blasting operations

Brief information on experience in the production and use of explosive mixtures in Mongolia on the example of companies «Montag» and «Blast» with the release of a number of original technological and organizational solutions. The ways and means of increasing the efficiency of production of BVR for mining enterprises on the basis of integrated solutions to improve the processes of production and use of granular and emulsion explosives.

Impact on the rock massif of borehole charges with different designs

Keywords: rock mass crushing, breaking up by explosives, charge design, borehole charges, conversion additives, bench bottom elaboration, particle size distribution

The paper presents the physical and mechanical characteristics of rock formations from the Ilmenioki deposit. The paper contains the results of pilot scale tests conducted within the quarry of Rubikon LLC in the area of the Ilmenioki deposit. The article also describes the methodology applied to measure detonation velocity using DataTrapII VOD and MicroTrap devices. Detonation pressure was calculated based on the measured values of detonation velocity. Dependences of detonation pressure on explosives’ detonation velocity are shown in this paper. The paper presents a comparison of explosive fragmentation results for various designs of borehole charges made using photoplanimetric analysis. It was established that a quality elaboration of the bench bottom is achieved by blasting the blocks, and the degree of fragmentation is maintained within the specified limits when using a combined design that uses different types of explosives separated by a graded inert gap. The greatest effect on the development of the bottom was achieved when placing parts of the combined charge in the ratio of 0.3:0.7 of the bench height.

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Calculation method of parameters of decking blasthole ring charges

Keywords: granular quartz, blasting, decked charge, blasthole ring, air gap, specific consumption of explosives

In the mining of valuable non-metallic raw materials, there is an acute problem of over-grinding of the material during its blasting, when small fractions simply do not meet the requirements for the quality of the final product. In underground mining, the main method of blasting is blasthole ring charges of solid construction. The main disadvantages of the method are the uneven distribution of the explosive on the plane of the layer and the consumption of a significant part of the energy of the charges of the solid construction for the blasting effect, necessarily associated with the ore grinding. As a solution to these problems, the author proposes a blasting technology, the essence of which is that the uniformity of the distribution of the concentration of the energy of explosives in the layer is provided by the decking of the charges by air gaps and a certain order of their placement in the plane of the blasthole ring. For the practical implementation of the technology, a method for the formation of decked charges in rising deep blasthole has been developed, which does not require a significant increase in labor costs and additional special funds. A special calculation method has been developed to determine the decking parameters that ensure the sustained specific consumption of explosives throughout the plane of the layer.

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20. Gorinov S.A. Effektivnost primeneniya ploskih sistem zaryadov dlya otboyki silno-treschinovatyih rud v podzemnyih usloviyah (Efficiency of application of flat systems of charges for breaking of highly fractured ores in underground conditions) // Izv. vuzov. Gornyiy zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 1985. No 7. pp. 68-73.

Studying of structure the kolchedannykh of ores for an assessment of safety of use of explosives on the basis of ammonium nitrate

Keywords: ammonium-nitrate explosives, topochemical reaction, specific surface area and porosity of pyrite ores

The results of studies of the internal structure of pyrite ores obtained by micrometry on scanning electron microscope Carl Zeiss EVO and porometry on the Porosimeter Pascal 440 are presented. The analysis of the obtained data shows that the defect in the microstructure of pyrite ores is such that the specific surface of the sample is 30-3000 times greater than the specific surface of a defect-free sample of the same size. Since the reaction of pyrite interaction with ammonium nitrate contained in the explosive material occurs on the pyrite surface, the factor of different development of the specific surface of ores should be taken into account when assessing the safety of blasting in pyrite massifs using ASVV.

1. «The Guide to the prevention of spontaneous fire and explosions of explosives on the basis of ammonium nitrate by production of explosive works in chalcopyrite ores». The Ministry of metallurgy of the USSR, 1991, – 7 pages.

Monitoring the seismic effect of mass explosions on geomechanical state reportlng plot array gallery of the mine «Lucky»

Keywords: monitoring, rock mass, massive explosions, seismic effects, tunnel sensors-deformometer, thermospot, the increment of deformation

In order to develop recommendations on the system of control over the seismic effect of explosions on underground structures, experimental full-scale studies were conducted to assess the state of the local area near the portal of shtolen using methods based on seismological observations. The analysis of the results of the measurement, the conclusions about the feasibility of continuing work on the study of this direction.

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Increase of seismic safety of underground mining of rock deposits on the basis of application of new means of initiation of explosions of explosive charges

Keywords: rocky fields, mining operations, seismic safety, means of initiation, safety

The main scientific and practical results of studies to improve the seismic safety of underground mining of rock deposits on the basis of the use of new means of initiation of EXPLOSIVE charges are presented. A new research method is described and the analysis of permissible seismic safety value of the EXPLOSIVE charge per one deceleration using a new generation seismograph, manufactured by Instantel, Canada of the BlastMate series III type is performed. The empirical dependence for determining the permissible value of the mass of the EXPLOSIVE charge per one deceleration (y) is proposed, taking into account the permissible speed of soil displacement at the base of buildings and structures 0.4 cm/s and the distance between explosions and protected objects (x), as well as the safety of dilapidated buildings, of the form y=a∙x2 (here a–coefficient depending on the seismic properties of the rock mass and the conditions of explosion). The analysis of the previously performed research and control observations, instrumental measurements of the seismic action of the explosion devices and equipment, mathematical analysis and statistical processing of the results, the establishment of dependencies, the calculations and justifications for standard and new methods. It is shown that the increase in seismic safety and efficiency of blasting operations at mines is achieved by the use of new means of initiation of EXPLOSIVE charges, in particular, considered and proposed: ED-type electric detonators-1-3-T and ED-Z-IP; non-electric systems of initiation of EXPLOSIVE charges such as SINV-sh, PRIMA-ERA, «Edilin», «Impulse», electronic initiating device based on the waveguide and the blasting cap with electronic deceleration «Iskra-T», laser fiber optic system of initiation of EXPLOSIVE charges, etc.

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Determination of safe distances when conducting mass explosions near the processed space in the cracked mountain massives

Keywords: massive explosions, mined-out space, open surface workings, cameras, caves, the permissible elastic deformation, the calculation formula, numerical calculations,authenticity

The article substantiates the need to determine the safe distances from the site of a mass explosion (underground or open mining) to the open surface of an underground mine, chamber or cave. A theoretical formula for determining the safe distance is obtained, less than which irreversible deformations occur and the open surfaces of the mountain mass collapse. Numerical calculations by the formula in various mining-geological and mining conditions (mines of PJSC "Priargunskoe Production Mining and Chemical Association", open-underground development of the Tyrnyauz deposit, Haetai cave in the Transbaikal region, convergence of calculated and actual data on the displacement speed of the massif in mass explosions) indicate the validity of the resulting formula, which can be used for preliminary calculations of the safe distance. The formula takes into account the stability of the array, its stress state in the outcrop area, the degree of influence of one or another BWR parameter on the safe distance to the protected object. Using the formula will allow you to adjust the parameters of a mass explosion in order to reduce its negative impact on the exposed surfaces of the worked out space.

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