"Explosion technology"— scientific and technical journal

Effect of charge dispersion on the intensity of seismic impact when using non-electric detonators in quarries

Keywords:mass explosion, means of initiation, seismic impact, downhole charge, displacement rate

The possibility of using the probabilistic method to predict the distribution of the total mass of the explosive at the full time of the explosion was shown by comparing seismograms of the displacement rates in experimental explosions with the calculated histogram of the distribution of the explosive total mass in the initiation intervals. The maximum number of charges in the group falling within the 20 MS interval was used as comparison criteria. In developing the issue of controlling the seismic effect of the explosion, the article, based on the probabilistic model, presents a comparison of the distribution density of the total explosive mass over the entire interval of the explosion when using solid and dispersed borehole charges initiated by non-electric detonators.

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4. Sysoev A.A. Comparative evaluation of pyrotechnic and electronic blasting caps based on probabilistic models of the initiation system of the downhole charge / A.A. Sysoev, S.A. Kondratyev, I.B. Katanov // Blasting. – 2020. No. 126/83 – Р. 85-99.
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10. Kokin S.V. Control of mass explosion parameters / Kokin, S. V., Parkhomenko, D. M., Berwin, A.V. / / Blasting. – 2019. No. 125/82. – Р. 39-52.
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12. Onika S.G. Modern state of methods for prediction of seismic explosions in open-pit mines V.S. Voitenko, F.G. Khalyavkin/ / Mining mechanics and mechanical engineering – Minsk. – No. 1, – 2012. – P. 28-33.
13. Goncharov A.I. Seismic impact of explosions in mines and quarries / A.I. Goncharov, V.I. Kulikov, A.A. Eremenko / / ISSN 0135-3500. Notes of the Mining Institute. – Vol. 171, – 2007. –P. 175-180.
14. Kondratyev S.A. Modern means of initiation of JSC «NMZ «Iskra».S.A. Kondratyev, S.A. Pozdnyakov, A.S. Ivanov, K.A. Vandakurov // Blasting. – 2019. – No. 123/80. – P. 136-144.
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Marking of water-containing explosives with rare earth element

Keywords:marking, rare earth elements (REE), mass spectrometer, REE concentration

The paper considers the basics of using rare earth elements (REE) for marking water-containing EXPLOSIVES. it is Shown that the number of combinations for marking can be provided by varying the type of metal and its concentration. The total number of combinations when using the available 10 REE and applying three levels of concentration is 59049, which is quite enough for the needs of the Customs Union.
Estimates of economic costs have shown that the total cost of the proposed method of marking emulsion explosives (EE) will be a maximum of 0.025$ / kg, which economically allows it to be implemented in practice. A method for measuring the mass fraction of REE in emulsion explosives is proposed and its applicability for reliable measurement of the mass fraction of REE at concentrations of 0.1 mg/kg. The proposed marking method and measurement method can be recommended for industrial testing.

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Initiator of detonation of gas-free mixtures

Keywords:initiator of detonation of gas-free mixtures, circuit, capacitor, resistance, wire

A device for initiating the detonation of gas-free mixtures based on the «explosion» (evaporation) of the fuse wire is considered. The proposed schematic diagram of the initiation device is carried out.

1. Gordopolov Yu. A., Denisova N. A., Poletaev A.V., Trofimov V. S. On the detonation of a stoichiometric mixture Zn-S. SB. Explosive case no. 106/63, 2011, P. 3-16

Studies of the quality of blasting operations with the use of emulsion explosives

Keywords:well, charge of emulsion explosives, detonation speed, charge initiation, intermediate detonator, cap detonator, mass explosion, mountain weight, ecological influence

In this article questions of tool measurement of detonation processes in borehole charges of emulsion explosives for an assessment quality of explosive works are considered. As a result of the conducted researches numerous cases of break of a detonation borehole a charge of industrial emulsion explosives were found. Thus depth of wells changed from 16 to 22 meters. In the diameters of explosive wells from 140 to 295 mm. Researches were conducted in the dry and partially flooded wells. Speeds of a detonation of VV on length of wells, concentration of harmful gases in air on an explosion place were investigated, video filming of conducted explosions and photographing of disorders of the blown-up breed was conducted. Thus, in many wells, breaks of a detonation of charges at which the normal detonation excited by the fighter, having taken place some part of a charge were observed, stopped, and the rest of a charge burned out or jumped out of a well. Breaks of a detonation were observed in 69% of wells, is thus lost 30,5% of the lump of the used charges (did not detonate). In 34% of cases break of a detonation was observed in middle part of a charge, in 22% in ground part and in 13% in priustyevy part. In the course of researches it was defined that the local (concentrated) intermediate detonators do not provide creation of conditions for a stable detonation emulsion Centuries. Application in charges of EVV of the extended intermediate detonators like ZKV-B in most cases provides completeness of a detonation of a charge with a speed above, than when using the regular concentrated intermediate detonators.

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Оn the energy characteristics of the processes of explosive destruction and excavation in open field development

Keywords:destruction of rocks, energy intensity of excavation, drilling and blasting, the relationship between the processes of mining, open mining

The article deals with the relationship between the processes of mineral extraction. The most universal characteristic of the process is its energy intensity. Production technological cycles are considered in the relationship between their energy characteristics, taking into account the recess in the face in time. This approach was largely determined by earlier research in the direction of studying the energy intensity of technological processes. However, the relationship between the energy of explosive destruction and excavation has not been established, although the connection between explosive preparation and the performance of excavating equipment is indicated more than once in the technical literature. This article analyzes previously published materials on establishing relationships between drilling processes and explosive destruction of rock mass. The energy characteristics of dredging operations and explosive destruction are considered. A promising direction for studying technological connections is proposed. Attention is drawn to the fact that the approach to determining the relationships between processes cannot always be monotonous, because in a flat system it is sometimes difficult to express the physical meaning.

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Improvement of technologies and technical means for drilling and blasting horizontal mine workings in rock massifs

Keywords:rock massifs, technologies and technical means, mine workings, drilling and blasting, safety, efficiency

The article presents the scientific and practical results of the research on improving technologies and technical means for drilling and blasting horizontal workings in rock massifs, based on the results of studying the changing geomechanical, mining and hydro-geological conditions of the field. Methods of generalization, analysis and evaluation of practical experience and scientific achievements in the field of drilling and explosive destruction of solid media, continuum mechanics, mathematical statistics, as well as research methods of wave processes using standard and new methods of leading specialists of developed mining countries of the world with the participation of the authors are described. The conditions for increasing the efficiency of using self-propelled machines and increasing the productivity of the bottom-hole group during drilling and blasting of horizontal mine workings are determined. Testing and introduction in industrial conditions of a prismatic loghouse with a Central «cleaning» spur charge during drilling and blasting of horizontal mine workings was performed. When implementing structures of straight log cabins with three compensation holes with a diameter of 57 and 65 mm, the dependence of the TEMPERATURE change on the volume of compensation space in the log cabin is established. The amount of compensation required for the successful operation of the log cabin is also determined, which ensures that the log cabin is NOT less than 0.9, which led to an increase in labor productivity and, as a result, the rate of sinking up to 120-130m per month.

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Scientific and methodological support and technical support of drilling and blasting preparation of rock ores for underground block leaching

Keywords:rock ores, drilling and blasting preparation, metal leaching,« clamped » environment, seismic safety, efficiency

The main scientific and practical results of scientific-methodological maintenance and technical support of drilling and blasting preparation of rock ore to underground block leaching (WSP) subject to the average linear size of a piece of blasted rock mass between the environment and justify its seismic safety parameters to ensure the rational use, conservation of natural resources and the environment, combined with geotechnical methods. Methods of generalization, analysis and evaluation of practical experience and scientific achievements in the field of drilling and explosive destruction of solid media, continuum mechanics, mathematical statistics, as well as research methods of wave processes using standard and new methods of leading specialists of developed mining countries of the world with the participation of the authors are described. The parameters of seismic vibrations and the quality of crushing of the ore mass and the index of compaction of the clamping material during breaking in PBB blocks with an increase in the «clamping» of the rock mass in the chamber are established. The conditions of explosion on the «clamped» medium were determined, and the speed of displacement of soils on the daytime surface was measured. Geotechnologies were proposed and scientific and methodological support and technical support for drilling and blasting preparation of rock ores and development of PBB of pilot blocks at the Michurinsky field of the state enterprise «VostGOK», Ukraine.

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Estimation of seismic influence of massexplosions with uneven location of charges

Keywords:explosive charge, the location on the block, seismic explosion, collapse

Describes the Geology of the rocks composing the gold mine of the enterprise "the pole", located on the North of the Krasnoyarsk territory. Blasting operations are conducted in an open way with the use of non-electric explosives, "Iskra" and with det cord. With increasing depth of the quarry is important to reduce the seismic forces on his side to prevent their collapse. Considered the seismic effects on rock mass of the explosion of the charge is located asymmetrically on the block. It is shown that nesimmetrichnye obrivaetsa unit, the more when it is the explosion of the low frequency component of seismic vibrations, which shakes the stronger rock mass and leads to the collapse of slopes of ledges. At large depths it is advisable to quarry blasting work on the blocks symmetrically and evenly spaced charges of industrial explosives. The measurements were carried out a certified domestic seismic recorder "Delta-Geon". The logger was installed at a distance of 100-300m from the blast with the goal of fixing the seismic vibrations from the explosions of charges, each blow of the group.

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Seed wave modeling to natural caves protection in mining operations

Keywords:explosive, wave, charge, vibration, near zone, far zone

The restrictions imposed by the Brazilian environmental legislation regarding natural caves lead to a block of substantial amount of mineral reserves. Mining activities can exploit caves surroundings, as long as the company ensures that the activities will not cause any damage to them, requiring profound and time-consuming studies. Since the use of explosives in the mine are potential sources of some damage to any structures, it leads to a deep need for controlling the rock blasting activities. In this context, the maximum charge per delay used in operations close to cave regions must follow some internal blasting assumptions that have been developed during specific tests and mining activities. By the seed wave technique, it is possible to determine the behavior of a seismic wave, which travels through a rock mass and it is generated by blasting a known explosive charge. This technique has proved to be an effective tool because it is able to accurately include the physical characteristics of the rock and different lithologies. This paper discusses about modelling blasting induced vibrations in order to improve caves protection, which surround the mining operations.

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Vibration data analysis to optimize the blast design and improve shovel productivity

Keywords:explosion, model, vibration, installation scheme, well, explosive, rock

The Enaex Mining Technical Solutions (EMTS) team, in partnership with the Anglo American Iron Ore Brazil drilling and blasting team, has developed a study aiming to optimize the blast design applied at the Minas-Rio project. The study consists of modeling the dynamic behavior of one lithological domain to determine the best configuration of drilling pattern, charge configuration, timing and sequencing of the blast designs applied at the mine in this particular rock. The first stage of the study was the recognition of the rock blast process in question, assessing key parameters that characterize this whole operation: geomechanical characteristics of the rock mass, implementation quality for drilling pattern and explosives charging (collar position, hole depth, explosive charge length and stemming size) and recognition of current blast designs. The central element of this study was the creation of a vibration attenuation and seed wave model which has allowed the characterization of this particular rock mass present in a region determined by the Minas-Rio team. The model is based on a near field vibration test, constituting a powerful tool in the design of blast parameters. The blast design developed from the damage model simulations basically modified the timing and sequencing. The aim of this study was to improve the fragmentation resulted by the blasting, considering the particle size requirements demanded by the primary crusher and to increase the productivity of the loading and hauling operations. The results were analyzed considering the effective productivity of the two different fleet types of shovels, where the authors have analyzed more than 46000 values of productivity from September 2017 to August 2018, taken from the Dispatch system. A significant increase in effective productivity of these load equipment was observed, 7% to the PC4000 fleet and 2% to the PC5500 fleet, values supported by statistical parameters and hypothesis tests.

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