"Explosion technology"— scientific and technical journal

On the theory of rock blasting at open pits

Keywords:new theory, technological blasting, volumetric deformation, tensor calculus, fracture energy density, technological parameters

This article describes the basic principles of the process of rock blastingby borehole charges in open pits, and the development of the fundamentally new multi-zone and multiphase theory of technological rock blasting in open pits. This theory was developed by a long-term work of the group of scientists from ICEMR RAS.

1. Kazakov N.N., Viktorov S.D., Shlyapin A.V., Lapikov I.N. Rock blasting in open pits. – Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. – 517 p. (in Russian)
2. Adushkin V.V. Model research of rock blasting // Physical problems of explosive destruction of rock massifs. – M.: IPKON RAN, 1999. – Pp.18-29. (in Russian)
3. Kutuzov B.N. Design of blasting operations in industry. – M. Nedra, 1983. 359 p. (in Russian)
4. Kazakov N.N. Mass velocity of particles in a wave at the radiation boundary. Collection «Blasting technology» Issue No. 106/63. – M.: CJSC «MVK for explosives at AGN», 2011. – Pp. 27-32. (in Russian)
5. Viktorov S.D., Kazakov N.N., Shlyapin A.V., Lapikov I.N. Geometric parameters of the camouflage zone during the explosion of a borehole charge in a quarry // «Blasting technology» Issue No. 108/65. – M.: CJSC «MVK for explosive business at AGN», 2012. – Pp.8-15. (in Russian)
6. Viktorov S.D., Kazakov N.N., Shlyapin A.V., Lapikov I.N. Energy parameters of the camouflage zone during the explosion of a borehole charge in a quarry. Collection «Blasting technology» Issue No. 108/65. – M.: CJSC MVK for explosives at AGN, 2012. – P.73-80. (in Russian)

Modeling of the features of the «soft» explosive impact on the coal seam

Keywords:coal, methane-saturated formation, degassing, explosive impact, computer modeling, stress, crack

The paper presents the results of computer simulation of the explosive impact on a gas-bearing coal seam. It is shown that the explosive effect can significantly increase the intensity of seam degassing, since it not only creates conditions for the development of extended degassing cracks, but also activates the molecules of methane dissolved in coal and makes them mobile.
It is also shown that the use of explosions with a high explosive detonation rate is favorable for the formation of induced microcracks in the zone far from the blast well. In microcracks, methane passes into a new phase state – free methane. Therefore, it is reasonable to use explosives with a high detonation rate to provoke sudden outbursts.
At a low detonation rate (less than 4 km/s), induced microcracks are not formed in the zone far from the explosion, and the degree of outburst hazard does not increase. Some unfavorable features of explosive destruction may persist. These include the formation of a coal compression zone near the blast well, which prevents the release of free methane into the formed radial degassing cracks.
When using «soft» explosions with a relatively low pressure build-up rate, mainly extended radial cracks can be formed, which can be the main channels for degassing the coal seam. The temperature effect is favorable for the release of methane molecules into the main cracks. Therefore, for the degassing of the coal seam using the technology of «soft» explosions, it is advisable to use powder charges, which have a low rate of pressure build-up in the blast well. The use of this technology can make the development of outburst-prone coal seam more safer and efficient for coal seam degassing.

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Analytical studies to determine the geometric dimensions of various forms of soil embankment of trench discharge charges in the soil mass

Keywords:trench charge, discharge, explosive consumption, ground embankment, form of embankment, mass humidity

In this article, the regularities of changes in the volume of explosive discharge of trench explosive charges depending on the height and width of their trapezoidal, triangular and segmental forms of soil embankment are established. Studies have shown that the trapezoidal shape is an effective option for soil embankment of trench explosive charges.

1. Norov, Yu.D. Justification and development of new methods for the formation of elongated recesses in the ground by explosions of trench discharge charges. Diss. doctor of technical Sciences, Navoi state mining Institute, Navoi, 2001. Typewriting.
2. Urinov Sh.R. Substantiation and development of effective parameters of soil embankment of trench discharge charges. Diss. cand.of technical siences, Navoi state mining Institute, Navoi, 2006. Typewriting.
3. Norov Yu.D., Raimjanov B.R., Urinov Sh.R., Muhammedov Sh. Determination of the geometric dimensions of the soil embankment of trench discharge charges. // Industrial safety and efficiency of new technologies in mining: Collection of materials of the international scientific and practical conference «Mining-2000» MGGU publishing house, Moscow, 2001,pp.504-509.
4. Norov Yu.D., Raimzhonov B.R., Turaev A.S., Urinov Sh.R. Determination of the size of recesses in the soil obtained by explosions of trench charges of the ejection. // Industrial safety and efficiency of new technologies in mining: Collection of materials of the international scientific and practical conference «Mining-2000», Moscow state University, Moscow, 2001, pp.545-548.
5. Norov Yu.D., Urinov Sh.R. Geometric dimensions of the trapezoidal shape of the ground embankment of a trench explosive charge // Scientific-technical and production magazine «Mining bulletin of Uzbekistan» No. 2, June, 2004, pp.29-30. http://gorniyvestnik.uz/assets/uploads/pdf/2004-aprel-iyun.pdf
6. Norov Yu.D., Urinov Sh.R. Investigation of trench discharge charges depending on the size and shape of the soil embankment // Mining information and analytical Bulletin. Explosive business. Separate issue 5, 2007. Pp.400-409. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=15198026
7. Norov Yu.D., Urinov Sh.R. determination of the geometric dimensions of the segmental shape of the ground embankment of a trench explosive charge // Mining information and analytical Bulletin. Explosive work. Separate issue 5, 2007. Pp.422-425. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=15198029
8. Urinov Sh.R. Researches of laws of formation lengthened digs in various soils explosions trenched charges of emission // Proceeding of joint scientific seminar of winners of «Istedod» foundation of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and Shanghai University Scientists. Shanghai, October, 2007, pp.50-55.
9. Urinov Sh. R., Norov Yu.D. Method of operational calculation of parameters of trapezoidal shape of ground embankment of trench discharge Charges // Scientific-technical and production journal «Mining bulletin of Uzbekistan» No.4, December, 2007, pp. 39-40, http://gorniyvestnik.uz/assets/uploads/pdf/2007-iyul-sentyabr.pdf
10. Urinov Sh. R. Investigation of trench charges depending on the size and shape of the soil embankment // Scientific-technical and production journal «Mining bulletin of Uzbekistan» No. 4, June, 2011, pp.26-28 http://gorniyvestnik.uz/assets/uploads/pdf/2011-oktyabr-dekabr.pdf
11. Norov Yu.D. Urinov Sh.R., Norov J.A., Egamberdiev O.M. Influence of parameters of the axial air cavity of trench discharge charges in various soils on the size of the excavation // Scientific, technical and production journal «Mining bulletin of Uzbekistan» no. 2 September 2013, pp.29-31. http://gorniyvestnik.uz/assets/uploads/pdf/2013-aprel-iyun.pdf
12. Norov Yu.D., Urinov Sh.R., Mukhammedov Sh. Justification of the geometric dimensions of the ground embankment of trench discharge charges. // Abstracts of the Republican scientific and technical conference (with international participation) «ISTIQLOL» 26-28 September 2002, pp.16-17. «Current problems of modern mining and technical complexes and ways to solve them»
13. Urinov Sh.R. The development of the gas cavity towards the open surface during the explosion of a trapezoidal form of a trench explosive charge encircled by soil // Abstracts of the scientific and technical conference «Science and personnel of the mining and metallurgical industry» Almalyk, April 30, 2004, pp.17-19.
14. Norov Yu.D., Urinov Sh.R., Raimjanov B.R. Determining the size of the excavation by explosions of trench discharge charges. // Proceedings of the IV-international conference «Resource-producing, low-waste and environmental technologies for subsoil development» Moscow-Navoi, 18-25 September 2005 125-128 p.
15. Norov Yu.D., Nasirov U.F., Urinov Sh.R., Rabbimov Kh.T. Construction of a trench explosive charge using side air cavities // Materials of the Republican scientific and technical conference «ISTIQLOL» (with international participation) «Modern equipment and technology of the mining and metallurgical industry and ways of their development» Navoi, 28-30 September, 2006, pp.26-28.
16. Norov Yu.D., Urinov Sh.R., Manglieva J. Classification of methods for controlling the direction of action of an explosion of trench discharge charges in a ground mass // Materials of the Republican scientific and technical conference «ISTIQLOL» (with international participation) «Geotechnology: innovative methods of subsurface use in the XXI century» Navoi, 25-27 September, 2007, pp. 14-15.
17. Urinov Sh.R. Determination of parameters of the trapezoidal-segmental form of ground embankment of trench discharge charges with an axial air cavity // Prospects for the development of equipment and technology and achievements of the mining and metallurgical industry during the years of independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan: Mat. Rep. sci.-tech. conf., May 12-14, 2011, Navoi, Pp. 280-281.
18. Urinov Sh.R. Determination of parameters of trapezoidal-triangular shape of ground embankment of trench discharge charges with an axial air cavity // Prospects for the development of equipment and technology and achievements of the mining and metallurgical industry during the years of independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan: Mat. rep. sci.-tech. conf., May 12-14, 2011, Navoi, Pp. 429-430.
19. Norov Yu.D., Urinov Sh.R. Determination of parameters of segmental-triangular shape of ground embankment of trench discharge charges with an axial air cavity // Prospects for the development of equipment and technology and achievements of the mining and metallurgical industry during the years of independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan: Mat. Rep. sci.-tech. conf., May 12-14, 2011, Navoi, Pp. 486-487.
20. Urinov Sh.R. Investigation of trench discharge charges depending on the size and shape of the ground embankment // Materials of the scientific and practical conference «Innovative technologies of the mining and metallurgical industry». Navoi, October 21, 2011, pp.55-57.
21. Urinov Sh.R. Investigation of trench discharge charges depending on the size and shape of the ground embankment // Proceedings of the international scientific conference. Tashkent, Innovation, 22-23 October, 2014, pp.229-230.
22. NorovYu.D., Urinov Sh.R., Islomov N.R., Mirzaeva F.D., Norov A.Yu., Amirkulov K.S. Justification and development of effective parameters of soil embankment of trench discharge charges. / Final report on budget topic A-4-015. Navoi, Funds, NavSMI, 2008, 135 p.

Study on crushing and explosiveness of rocks, which are mined at the open pit «Uralasbest»

Keywords:impact machine, simulation of crushing action of an explosion, characteristics of crushing, design, rational parameters of blast-blowing, chrysotile deposits

For the design of rational parameters of drilling and blasting operations, a comprehensive study of physical and mechanical properties of destroyed rocks was carried out, including: bulk mass; ultimate stresses in tension and compression with the construction of strength certificates; granulometric composition of rock crushing products.
The results of the study of the characteristics of crushing and explosiveness of rocks during the open-cut mining of chrysotile-asbestos ores and the extraction of building rocks for the production of crushed stone at the open pits of PJSC Uralasbest, including by the method of modeling the blasting action of an explosion on animpact machine.

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4. Orlenko L.P. Explosion and impact physics. – Мoscow, PHYZMATLIT, 2006. – p 304. (in Russian).
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An impact of long-delay blasting on the shock pulses acting on the elements of the gas-permeable shelter

Keywords:rocks crushing by explosion, deceleration interval, pre-destruction of rocks, weakening of rock formations, sequential blasting of wells

Electric and non-electric detonators are currently applied in mining industry. An impact of these new rock blasting conditions on the design of gas-permeable shelters is considered. In recent years, the conducted theoretical and experimental works established that the mechanical effect of the explosion is manifested not only in the crushing and destruction of rocks, but also in the softening at remote distances from the charge. Increasing the deceleration time between bursts of individual borehole charges contributes to the repeated impact of tension and compression cycles with a cumulative effect and promotes the fusion of cracks and consistent reduction of the size of the pieces. During the first explosion, when cracks in the rock have just begun to appear, the products of the explosion fly out of the well, a large release of rock mass occurs. However, as the cracks develop in further explosions, the rock pieces outflow is significantly reduced so it is possible to reduce the area of shelter of the exploding block, i.e. to cover only the first wells that give a large release. This problem is solved experimentally depending on the specific working conditions. The article presents the results of experimental explosions performed with varying delay timings including calculation of shock pulses acting on the elements of the gas-permeable shelter.

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9. Yurovskih A.V. Razrabotka modeli razrusheniya gornyh porod na kvazistaticheskoj stadii dejstviya vzryva: avtoreferat dissertatsii ...kandidata tekhnicheskikh nauk (Development of a model of destruction of rocks at the quasi-static stage of the explosion). Saint Petersburg. 2003. 119 p. [InRuss]
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11. Shevkun E.B., Leshchinskiy A.V., Lysak Y.A., Plotnikov A.Y. Osobennosti vzryvnogo ryhleniya pri uvelichennyh intervalah zamedleniya (Features of explosive loosening at extended deceleration intervals). Gornyj informacionno-analiticheskij byulleten = Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2017. No. 4.pp. 272-282. [In Russ]
12. Mityushkin Y.A. Optimizaciya parametrov vzryvnyh rabot uvelicheniem intervalov zamedleniya (Optimization of blasting parameters by increasing deceleration intervals).Gornyj informacionno-analiticheskij byulleten = Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2015. No. 4. pp. 341-348.[InRuss]
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Explosion products the smesevykh of systems on the basis of compounds of nitric acid – nitrates

Keywords:smesevye VV, VV charge, detonation, nitrates, nitrogen oxides, toxicity, nitric acid, nitrosoedineniy, nitroefiry

The analytical assessment of opportunity and probability of allocation of oxides of nitrogen is given at explosion of condensed VV on the basis of oxidizers of nitrates. The assumption of allocation of brown oxides of nitrogen at final stages of scattering of the blown-up weight because of existence of the condensed form of oxide with a valency of nitrogen of +4 is made.

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On the choice of a granular explosive and its component composition

Keywords:explosion, explosive, well drilling, rock, spent engine oil, porous saltpeter, combined development system

The article presents aspects of research of ammonium nitrate and used engine oil as a fuel component in order to improve the efficiency of blasting operations using the simplest explosive compositions of local manufacture.
At different temperatures, ammonium nitrate granules were studied by qualitative characteristics «open» or «closed» and by quantitative indicators, which allowed us to evaluate its absorption and retention ability of oil absorption in order to effectively use it as a component of the simplest explosive compositions of local manufacture. Experimental data obtained in the laboratory can be used as energy and detonation characteristics of explosives under the conditions of the explosive process.

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Estimation of parameters correlation in the process of blasting borehole drilling

Keywords:Measurement While Drilling MWD; drilling monitoring; drilling parameters; rock properties, blasting parameters

Scientific research «Development of a method for predicting the fragmentation of blasted rocks based on measurement while drilling (MWD) data and machine learning» are carried out by the St. Petersburg Mining University and the «Problem Laboratory of Explosive Technologies» with financial support from the «Council for Grants of the President of the Russian Federation for State Support of Young Russian Scientists and for State Support of Leading Scientific Schools of the Russian Federation». An article «Estimation of parameters correlation in the process of blasting borehole drilling» opens a series of publications on the results of research regarding the use of MWD technology for quality control of drilling and blasting operations at mining enterprises. The article discusses the problems of using the MWD technology to assess structural heterogeneities in the rock mass and identify the most significant parameters for use as input in its description or analysis in the process of blasting borehole drilling. The main dependent and independent parameters are highlighted that affect the process of data interpretation. Based on the MWD data processing, the article presents a matrix of correlation of the main parameters for drilling, which shows that the correct choice of parameters that are the basis and input for the next stages of data processing in the chain «MWD data – physical and mechanical properties of rocks and structure – drilling and blasting parameters», should be provided independence from the drilling mode and the response of the control system and be based on the response of the drilling system depending on changes in the rocks structures.

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4. Zhantao Li, Ken-IchiItakura, Y. Ma. Survey of measurement-while-drilling technology for small-diameter drilling machines. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 2014, Vol. 19, pp. 10267-10282.
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7. Isheyskiy V., Sanchidrián J.A. Prospects of Applying MWD Technology for Quality Management of Drilling and Blasting Operations at Mining Enterprises. Minerals 2020, Vol 10(10), art. 925.
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Оptimization of the parameters of explosive training carbonate massifs for the purpose of conservation quality characteristics feedstock

Keywords:carbonate rocks, fracturing, fracture mechanism, optimization of drilling and blasting operations, contour blasting technology, specific explosive consumption, losses, raw material quality

The article considers the issue of preserving the quality of raw materials, which is relevant for enterprises with medium and low strength characteristics of carbonate rocks. Shows the failure mechanism of fractured carbonate masses in the blasting borehole charges of difference layers (zones). To ensure the preservation of the natural strength characteristics of the raw material, it is proposed to use the technology of contour blasting, which allows partially or completely dividing the local zones of the massif into geological elements (or elements of these individuals). The specific flow rate of explosives when using contour blasting in carbonate rocks with a strength of 40-60 MPa is 0.05–0.12 kg/m3, which is a multiple of lower than with standard blasting schemes, while the well grid (a×b) when using MKO for technological purposes can fit in the interval from (1,5–2,0) × (3,0–3,5) m. Thickening the well grid to such a size will increase the volume and cost of drilling operations, which is compensated by maintaining the strength characteristics of the source rocks coming for crushing, reducing the specific consumption of explosives, raw material losses and operating costs for transportation and storage of screenings.

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2. Kuznecov V.A. Parametri i tehnologicheskie osobennosti konturnogo vzrivaniya pri stroitelstve otkritih profilnih viemok (Parameters and technological features of contour blasting in the construction of open profile recesses) Informacionnii byulleten ANO NOIV = Information Bulletin of the ANO NOIV No. 1, 2003. pp. 17-20.
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Studying of physics and technology properties of breeds as basis of development of resource-saving technology of explosive works

Keywords:detonation, detonation characteristics, emulsion explosives, resource-saving, specific consumption of explosive, charge, drilling-and-blasting works, mountain weight

In article questions of optimization of processes of preparation of rocks to dredging are considered. The analysis of use of emulsion explosives in various mining-and-geological conditions is carried out. Results of studying of physics and technology properties of rocks in relation to a career field of JSC Lebedinsky GOK are given. The technique of carrying out researches on determination of drilling capacity and explosibility of a working zone of an iron ore pit is given. The card of explosibility and the recommendation about optimization of parameters of explosive works is shown.

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4. Belin V.A., Gorbonos M.G., Mitkov V.E. Influence of quality of explosives and funds of initiation for efficiency of crushing of mountain weight explosion. Works of the international symposium «Week of the miner-2015» Collection of articles. Separate release of the Mountain information and analytical bulletin. – M.: Mountain Book publishing house. – 2016. – page 72-80.
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The results of experimental sinking of underground mine workings at KMA enterprises

Keywords:rock, excavation, shot, shpurova charge, explosive, explosion, detonation speed, passport of explosive works

In article results of researches physics and technology properties of breeds are stated at a driving of horizontal excavations in drainage mine. Characteristics of the industrial explosives applied to carrying out excavations are provided. Process of a detonation of charges and the phenomena of explosion and technology of conducting explosive works in the conditions of drainage mine of the Mikhailovsky Mining and Processing Integrated Works (MMPIW) is considered. The main schemes of an arrangement of shots, cut type, the mechanism of destruction of breeds are described. The decisions connected with calculation of parameters of explosive works, by installation of an explosive network, loading and a zaboyka of charges of explosives are provided.

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Evaluation of the efficiency and seismic safety of the development of complex ore deposits in energy-rich massifs

Keywords:ore deposits, energy-damaged massifs, geomechanics of mountain massifs, drilling and blasting operations, technological, seismic and environmental safety

Analytical studies, comparative analysis of theoretical and practical results according to standard and new methods were carried out. The issues of geodynamic monitoring of the stress-strain state of the rock mass for the safe development of ore deposits are considered. The interaction of natural and man-made factors to ensure the geomechanical balance of ore-bearing massifs and the earth's surface in the area of subsurface development over a long period of time is shown. Justified safe geometrical and technological parameters of chamber ore mining complex structures with laying out space hardening compounds, including seismic and environmental safety, as well as the social factor, which are implemented in the instructions, standards and practices ore mines of Ukraine.

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