"Explosion technology"— scientific and technical journal

Granulometric composition of rock mass and blasted rock mass at different particle size scales of natural rocks and pieces of rock

Keywords:content of natural aggregates, pieces of blasted rocks, particle size distribution, automated determination of the size distribution of blasted rocks, explosion control

The article gives an algorithm for the transition from the adopted to a new scale of the size of natural units in the rock mass (formed pieces of rocks). It is very important for analyzing the quality of rock crushing by an explosion and is based on polynomial equations of cumulative curves of grain-size distribution of natural units in a rock mass. It was revealed that the granulometric composition of natural aggregates (exploded pieces) in each size class in the old and new size scales is practically the same. Using the previously developed computer aided design of drilling and blasting operations (CAD D&B) system, the calculation of the expected granulometric composition of the blasted rocks at various parameters of drilling and blasting operations was carried out according to the new scale of the size of rock pieces. Measurements of the granulometric composition of the blasted rocks were carried out at the underground mines of Corporation Kazakhmys LLP. Comparison of theoretical and experimental data on the granulometric composition of the blasted rocks at the new scale of the size of the blasted rock pieces showed a high degree of their identity. This confirms the broad possibility of CAD D&B system in the design, modeling, and control of the process of explosive crushing of rocks in various conditions.

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Investigation of the dynamic working of long charges by composition models coupling with computer simulation by the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method

Keywords:explosive, explosive density, design of charges, air gaps, zones of explosion, physical experiments, computer simulation, method of smoothed particles, intensity and uniformity of crushing

The paper presents some results of researc of the effect of the design of charges on the yield of fine fractions during blasting operations in open pits during mining. The obtained patterns can be useful for identifying recommendations for conducting experimental studies in the field. The calculated data also determine the influence of the design features of the charge, such as the size of the air gap and the decompaction of the explosive (HE), on the intensity of fragmentation and the nature of stress localization in the rock during explosive mining of valuable crystalline raw materials and flux limestones. The relevance of research is due to the need to expand the capabilities of controlling the action of the explosion to obtain a rational fragmentation of the rock massive, as well as the economic feasibility of reducing the loss of minerals and eliminating the negative environmental factors of blasting. A research methodology has been developed and tested using composite simulation models for testing explosive charges and modeling the blasting of a borehole charge inside a block of the developed massive.In this work, the Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used for computer calculations. As the practice of solving dynamic problems of geomechanics has shown, this method is a convenient tool for simulation the entire blasting process, starting from the detonation of the explosive charge, the expansion of detonation products, the impact of the explosion energy on the rock, the failure of the rock and ending with fragmentation and scattering of fragments. The simulation results show that the chosen approach turned out to be useful for the analysis and better understanding of the mechanics of explosive fracturing of the rock mass.
The work was carried out within the framework of the budgetary theme of the IPKON RAS.

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3. Efremovtsev N.N., Efremovtsev P.N., Trofimov V.А., Shipovskii I.E. Results of numerical studies of rock fragmentation within the blasted block using the meshless Smoothed-particle hydrodynamicsmethod // Explosion technology, 2021,no. 130/87,pp. 29-45.
4. Efremovtsev N.N., Shipovskii I.E. Investigation of the regularities of crushing by elongated charges using compositional models and numerical modeling by the method of smoothed particles // Explosion technology, 2020, no. 128/85, pp. 20-37.
5. Efremovtsev N.N., Trofimov V.А., Shipovskii I.E. Localization of deformations in a wave field induced by explo-sion of lengthy charge //Mining informational and analytical bulletin (scientific and technical journal), 2020, vol 8, pp. 73-85.
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Аpproaches to control parameters of the blast of borehole explosives based charges by measuring seismic wavesapproaches to control of the parameters of the explosion of borehole charges of explosives based on measuring seismic waves

Keywords:blast, efficiency of blasting, rock breakage, shock energy effect, acoustic wave, rock fragmentation, vibration impact

Technics of drill & blast optimization related to blast outcomes such as open-pit slop stability and rock mass fragmentation control are considered in this article.These technics are based on actual parameters of acoustic waves in anisotropic rock massif - that significantly increase efficiency of the implementation in real mining operation. Also, here is short description of acoustic wave role in question of rock breakage induced by blasting. Methods of determination of the actual acoustic wave parameters in real mining operation is given here as well.

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3. Rossmanith H.P. Understanding the Principles of Rock Breakage Using Precise Initiation Timing// Monograph. Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria. 2006, p. 8
4. Lopes G.S., Oliveira D.B., Corsini J.S., Garcia A.M., Carvalho L.F. Vibration Data Analysis to Optimize the Blast Design and Improve Shovel Productivity// ISEE conference, 2019, c. 4
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14. Alenichev I. A., Rakhmanov R. A., Shubin I.L. Evaluation of the explosion effect borehole charge in the near field in order to optimize the parameters of drilling and blasting operations in the near-contour zone of the quarry / / Mining information and analytical Bulletin. – 2020. – No. 4. – P. 85-95. DOI: 10.25018/0236-1493-2020-4-0-85-95.
15. Rakhmanov R.A., Alenichev I.A., Lushnikov V.N. Sparing technologies blasting, experience and prospects of implementation at the enterprises of the company Research Institute «Polyus» // Mining Journal – 2021 № 1 – P. 86-92 DOI: 10.17580 / gzh.2021.01.15.

Investigation of the issue of management and control over the displacement of ore contours after the blast

Keywords:blast, contour, ore, displacement, forecasting, markers

The article provides an overview of domestic and foreign studies concerning the management and control of the displacement of the exploded rock mass. Two fundamentally different approaches to estimating displacement are described in detail: direct measurements and modeling of contour displacement. The description of dynamic models and algorithms used in modeling the movement of an exploded rock mass is given. Conclusions are drawn on the use of direct and indirect methods for estimating the displacement of the rock mass.

Investigation of the effectiveness of borehole explosive charges with variable diameter over the height of the ledge

Keywords:borehole diameter, relative distance to the bench surface, specific consumption of explosives, bench height, bench bottom, line of least resistance, elementary volume, rock crushing, development of the bench bottom

With a constant borehole diameter, the relative distance to the free surface and the specific consumption of explosives in the elementary volume will not be the same along with the bench height. Naturally, this leads to uneven crushing of rocks along with the bench height and creates prerequisites for poor development of the bench bottom. The uniformity of crushing can be improved by ensuring the same specific consumption of explosives or the same relative value of the line of least resistance.

1. Komir V.M., Volinets M.A., Maliy I.S. Issledovaniye effektivnosti zaryada VV s peremennim diametrom po visote ustupa (Investigation of the efficiency of the explosive charge with a variable diameter over the height of the ledge). Vzrivnoye delo, sbornik №70/27, Sovershenstvovaniye burovzrivnix rabot na karyerax Ukraini. = Explosive business, collection No. 70/27, Improvement of drilling and blasting operations in the quarries of Ukraine. Pod redaksiyey d.t.n. M.F.Drukovanogo i E.I.Shkuta. Izd-vo «Nedra», M.: 1971. pp. 96-97.
2. Demidyuk G.P., Smirnov S.A. Regulirovaniye stepeni drobleniye pri vzrivnoy otboyke na ustupe. (Regulation of the degree of crushing during explosive breaking on the ledge) Vzrivnoye delo, sbornik №70/27, Sovershenstvovaniye burovzrivnix rabot na karyerax Ukraini. = Explosive business, collection No. 70/27, Improvement of drilling and blasting operations in the quarries of Ukraine. Pod redaksiyey d.t.n. M.F.Drukovanogo i E.I.Shkuta. Izd-vo «Nedra», M.: 1971. pp. 44-53.
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Estimation of the rock pre-destruction intensity at increaseddeceleration intervals

Keywords:rocks crushing by explosion, delay interval, flyrock, pre-destruction of rocks, sequential blasting

Electronic and non-electric initiation systems enabled a wide range of blasting patterns.Sequential blasting with increased delay intervals contributes to the multiple effects of stress waves propagation in the rock mass. It increases the concentration of existing microcracks, their coalescence as well as the formation of new free surfaces in the pre-destruction zone.The larger the delayintervals, the longer the stress waves action in the rock mass and the higher pre-destruction intensity.Sixsingle and multi-row test blastswith 150-1000 ms delays were performed for analysis of vertical blowout dynamics and shock pulses acting on the elements of gas-permeable shelter.It was found that pre-destruction effect of the explosion increases with increasing delays.It is expressed in a decrease of vertical blowout from wells without stemming, the release of loosened rock and shock pulses reduction.More energy could be spent on rock fragmentationand less energy on rock movementby increasing the delay intervals in sequential blasting.

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Quality management of rock mass crushing during blasting operations in quarries

Keywords:environmental protection, geoecology, technology, field development, crushing of rock mass, blasting, quarry, borehole charge, explosives, drilling operations, methods and means of blasting

The article presents the main scientific and practical results of quality management of crushing rock mass during blasting operations in quarries based on the assessment and selection of explosives (explosives) that increase the efficiency and environmental safety of open-pit mining of mineral raw materials. The results of the analysis and generalization of previously conducted own and involved theoretical and experimental studies are described. Theoretical and field studies of detonation processes in borehole charges of various designs made of mixed explosives with various additives are shown. The optimal technology of blasting is the one that provides profit taking into account the costs of restoring the disturbed state of the environment. The introduction of explosive work technology using charges with a universal channel gunman allows you to reduce the consumption of scarce explosives by 20%, while not increasing the specific consumption, to ensure an improvement in the quality of explosive work. Reduce by 15% with a compact collapse with a loosening coefficient of 1.15, the average diameter of a piece of exploded rock mass, and also due to the directed development of the explosion, reach the design mark of the sole of the ledge. Methods have also been developed for forming a charge of water-filled explosives by replacing the water supplied to eliminate the plug with a BPB with a density of more than 1250 kg/m3, which does not dissolve ammonium nitrate and has a cost an order of magnitude lower than grammonite 79/21. This allows you to reduce the consumption of explosives by 1.4-1.5 times and reduce emissions of harmful gases by 20-30%. A method of dust suppression during the explosion of the ledge block by replacing water with bischofite is also proposed, which made it possible to reduce the release of gases during a mass explosion by 1.3-1.4 times.

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Substantiation of the influence of the rational height of the worked ledge on the efficiency of extracting minerals from the subsurface

Keywords:quarry, explosion, ledge height, reserves, maintenance, losses, dilution, rock mass, ore flow, mining operations, rock, testing

The article presents a justification of the influence of the rational height of the worked ledge in the conditions of elephant-structured deposits. The influence of the height of the worked ledge on the efficiency of the use of reserves is justified. It is revealed that the ore reserves grow with an increase in the height of the ledge and fall with an increase in the onboard content. The average content in the ore gradually decreases with an increase in the height of the ledge and increases with an increase in the on-board content. The optimal heights of the ledges were established: during the open – pit development of the Muruntau and Kalmakir deposits in the quarry-15 m, during the development of warehouses-10 m, taking into account the amount of losses and dilution not higher than 5.0 and 12.0%, respectively.

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Comparative assessment of approaches to the regulation of industrial safety in the turnover of explosive materials in the Russian Federation and the United States

Keywords:industrial safety, explosive materials, explosives, dangerous objects of industrial production, examination of industrial safety, technical devices, VM plunder, accident rate, safety rules, blaster, types of explosions

In article the basic rules and requirements in the field of industrial safety are given when conducting explosive works in the industry in the leading countries of the world Russian Federation, the USA, Canada. The latest information on change of regulatory base, acts and other documents regulating explosive works in the Russian Federation is given. The comparative analysis of the Russian and international legislation in the field of a turn of explosive materials of industrial function is made. The comparative analysis of regulatory base in a scope of explosive materials of industrial function in the leading mining countries of the world (the Russian Federation, the USA, Canada) shows that requirements and restrictions have almost uniform character that provides necessary level of industrial safety and preservation of lives of the miners connected with preparation and carrying out explosive works.

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Researches of pressure in front air shock wave on the example of the dismantling of television tower in Ekaterinburg

Keywords:shock wave, dismantling of the unfinished construction of the city radio and television tower, «Enamat» pulse gas generator, method of directional collapse, excessive pressure at the UVV front, destructive pressure

The article presents the results of a study of the impact of an air shock wave during the dismantling of the object of unfinished construction of the city radio and television tower in Yekaterinburg. Employees of the Institute of Mining of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and specialists of JSC «Special Explosive Works» registered air shock wave at 4 points located near protected objects on different sides of the place of the dismantled TV tower, using digital seismic recorders of the company «Instantel». The analysis of the obtained data is made in comparison with the permissible values of destructive loads for the glazing of buildings and structures.The results of the study were used to develop the innovative orientation of the drilling and blasting technology, the basis of which is laid in the study of the transients of mining production. What is described in the article is only a small part of the list of issues considered in the implementation of the topic No. 0405-2019-0005 of the state task No. 075-00581-19-00.

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