"Explosion technology"— scientific and technical journal

Evaluation of operability and determination of optimal parameters of inter¬mediate detonators for initiating borehole charges of explosives in rocks

Keywords:computer simulation, numerical solution, cumulation, segment lining, explosives, ANSYS AUTODYN

The article presents a methodology for assessing the explosive technical parameters of explosives and their explosive effectiveness in an ideal detonation process of explosion development. The issues of analytical studies conducted to substantiate the parameters of intermediate detonators of various diameters are considered. A comparison of powdered, emulsion-chambered and cast TNT blocks of detonators has been carried out. It is shown that the detonation characteristics of the intermediate detonator have a rather limited effect on the development of the detonation process in downhole explosive charges compared with the influence of its mass and size parameters. The diameter of the intermediate detonator mainly determines the numerical values of the total detonation pulse and the total energy of the active mass of the charge.

1. Avdeev F.A., Baron V.A., Gurov N.V., Kantor V.H. Normative reference book on drilling and blasting. M., "Nedra", 1986.
2. Andreev K.K., Belyaev A.F. Theory of explosives. M., "Oboronbiz", 1960.
3. Rodionov V.N., Adushkin V.V., Kostyuchenko V.N. et al. Mechanical effect of underground explosion. M., "Nedra", 1971.
4. Mosinets V.N. Crushing and seismic effect of explosion in rocks. M., "Nedra", 1976.
5. Svetlov B.Ya., Yaremenko N.E. Theory and properties of industrial explosives. M., "Nedra", 1973.
6. Gustavson R. Swedish blasting technique. M., "Nedra", 1977.
7. Baron V.L., Kantor V.H. Technique and technology of blasting in the USA. M., "Nedra", 1989.
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12. Kantor V.H. Principles of designing parameters for blasting borehole charges, taking into account the requirements for the intensity of crushing rock mass. -In the collection "Explosive case", issue No. 97/54. M., 2007.
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14. Kukib B.N., Ioffe V.B., Zhuchenko E.I., Frolov A.B. On criteria for assessing the relative operability of industrial explosives. - In the collection "Explosive case", issue No. 8. M., 2007.

Estimation of the size of the zone of radial cracks formed in the rocks of productive formations during combustion of a fuel-oxidizing mixture in the well

Keywords:fuel-oxidizing composition, radial cracks, stress intensity coefficient

Among the methods for increasing the productivity of oil and gas wells, methods based on the use of the energy of combustible liquid combustible-oxidative mixtures (LCOM) placed in treated wells to form and develop a fracture zone in the rocks surrounding these wells are widely used. This paper presents a method for estimating the size of the zone of radial cracks in the reservoir rocks surrounding a productive well during the combustion of LCOM placed directly in the well perforation zone, taking into account its chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties of the reservoir rocks and the intensity of fracturing. It is shown that the use of LCOM based on non-sensitized inverse emulsions can be an effective and economically justified solution, provided that the reliable ignition of the emulsion and its stable combustion are ensured. The results obtained make it easier to justify the choice of the LCOM without the need for expensive experiments, which is undoubtedly important and relevant.

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2. Merkulov A.A. Scientific basis for creating an effective hydrodynamic connection between a well and a reservoir using explosion energy: Diss. … doc. tech. Sciences: 25.00.17/ Alexander Alekseevich Merkulov. - M. - 2016. - 349 p.
3. Salnikov A.S. Non-detonating energy-saturated materials based on ammonium nitrate used in oil production intensification technologies/ A. S. Salnikov, R. Z. Gilmanov, A. A. Marsov, A. A. Mokeev, A. S. Petrov// Bulletin of the Technological University. - 2016. - Vol.19. - No.19. - pp. 66-70.
4. Patent RU 2100583. Composition for thermochemical treatment of wells / Chelyshev V.P., Fazlutdinov K.S., Shkitkin B.V., Kolyasov S.M., Mikhailov A.A., Kroschenko V.D., Parshin M.D., Dyblenko V.P., Khakimov V.S., Georgeychuk V.N. - 12/27/1997.
5. Patent RU 2153065C1. Method of thermochemical treatment of a productive reservoir and fuel-oxidizing composition for its implementation/ Alexandrov E.N., Shcherbina K.G., Daragan E.V., Domanov G.P., Movshovich E.B. – 07/20/2000.
6. Patent RU 2126084C1. Method of thermochemical treatment of the bottomhole formation zone/Alexandrov E.N., Shcherbina K.G., Loboiko A.Ya., Sakharov A.A., Daragan E.V., Movshovich E.B., Domanov G.P. – 10.02.1999.
7. Patent RU 2192543. Fuel-oxidizing composition for processing the bottom-hole zone of the formation/ Alexandrov E.N., Lemenovsky D.A., Daragan E.V., Kashirin A.N., Fomin P.G. - 10.11.2002.
8. Patent RU 2224884. Method of thermochemical influence on the bottom-hole zone of the formation / Loboiko A.Ya., Bagdasaryan V.S., Sakharov A.A., Vorozhbian M.I. – 02/27/2004.
9. Patent SU 1816854A1. Method of thermochemical effect on the bottom-hole zone of the formation/ Loboiko A.Ya., Bagdasaryan V.S., Sakharov A.A., Vorozhbian M.I. – 05/23/1993.
10. Patent US 5183581. Process for the dewaxing of producing formations/ Khalil K.N., Romeu R.K., Rabinovitz A. - 02.02.1993.
11. Patent RU 2637259. Thermogasochemical binary composition and method of application for processing bottom-hole and remote zones of an oil and gas reservoir / Idiyatullin A.R., Zavolzhsky V.B., Burko A.V., Gankin Yu.A., Sosnin V.A., Burko V.A., Basyuk B.N., Khlestov I.V., Sadriev F.L. - 01.12.2017.
12. Patent RU 2165011C1. Method of thermochemical treatment of the bottom-hole zone of the formation / Pozdnyshev G.N., Manyrin V.N., Dosov A.N., Manyrin V.N. – 10.04.2001.
13. Patent RU 2525386C2. Thermogaschemical the composition and method of use for the treatment of bottom-hole and remote zone of the reservoir/ Zavolzhsky V. B., Burke, V. A., idiyatullin A. R., Basyuk B. N., Valesini S. I., Sosnin V. A., Demina T. A., Il'in V. P., Cashew V. A., Sadriev F. L. – 10.08.2014.
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Drilling and blasting in difficult conditions

Keywords:cracks, blasting operations, difficult development conditions, mountain pressure stress, deposit, mines, open-pit operations

The practice of using explosion energy in mining blasting indicates a trend in improving the technology of their implementation, the key aspect of which is the effect of an explosion in difficult conditions. In this article, based on the analysis of some aspects of drilling and blasting during the exploitation of mineral deposits, the theoretical approach of methodological and scientific research is considered, which makes it possible to determine their promising directions. Within the framework of the proposed methodology, an example of studying the stress-strain state and destruction of a rock mass during blasting in difficult conditions is given.

1. Viktorov S.D. Mekhanika sdvizheniya i razrusheniya gornykh porod (Mechanics of displacement and destruction of rocks). S.D. Viktorov, S.A. Goncharov, M.A. Iofis, V.M. Zakalinskiy /Otv. red. akad. RAN K.N. Trubetskoy; In-t problem kompleksnogo osvoeniya nedr im. akademika N.V. Mel'nikova RAN (Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources Russian Academy of Sciences). Moscow. 2019. 360 p.
2. Malinnikova O.N., Trofimov V.A., Shipovskiy I.E. Chislennoe modelirovanie napryazhenno - deformirovannogo sostoyaniya i razrusheniya massiva gornykh porod pri vzryvnykh rabotakh (Numerical modeling of the stress-strain state and destruction of a rock mass during blasting operations). Materialy XII Vserossiyskiy s''ezd po fundamental'nym problemam teoreticheskoy i prikladnoy mekhaniki (Russian Congress on fundamental problems of theoretical and applied mechanics). T. 3: Mekhanika deformiruemogo tverdogo tela. Ufa: RITs BashGU. 2019. pp. 710-712. DOI: 10.22226/2410-3535-2019-congress-v3.
3. Geomekhanicheskie protsessy v geologicheskoy srede gornotekhnicheskikh sistem i upravlenie geodinamicheskimi riskami: monografiya (Geomechanical processes in the geological environment of mining systems and geodynamic risk management: monograph). A.A. Kozyrev, S.N. Savchenko, V.I. Panin, I.E. Semenova, V.V. Rybin, Yu.V. Fedotova, S.A. Kozyrev i dr. Apatity: KNTs RAN. 2019. 431 p.
4. Shipovskiy I.E. Raschet khrupkogo razrusheniya gornoy porody s ispol'zovaniem bessetochnogo metoda (Calculation of brittle fracture of rock using the mesh-free method) Naukoviy vіsnik NGU. NGU Dnіpropetrovs'k, 2013. Issue. 1(145). 2015. pp. 76-82.
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6. Drucker D.C., Prager W. Soil mechanics and plastic analysis for limit design. Quarterly of Applied Mathematics. 1952. Vol. 10, N 2. pp. 157-165.

Automated determination of the parameters of the fan arrangement of charges in the treatment faces of underground workings

Keywords:limiting explosive cavity, zone of intensive crushing, fan arrangement of wells, analytical determination of parameters of fan charges, computer-aided design of parameters of fan charges

The article describes an analytical method for determining the parameters of the fan distribution of explosive charges in the treatment faces of underground workings. The method is based on the principle of rational placement of explosive charges in the exploding array, which provides for the greatest coverage of the broken rock layer by cracks formed by the action of the explosion. This requirement is ensured by the necessary sizes of zones of intensive and passive crushing of rocks during explosive explosion. To determine these sizes, a step-by-step model of the destruction of a rock mass by an explosion has been adopted. According to it, the main destruction of the genus occurs during the first two stages. Formulas for calculating the sizes of fine crushing zones and radial cracks are given. Based on them, an analytical method has been developed for determining the parameters of the fan arrangement of explosive charges in underground treatment workings, a software module has been created for automated calculation of the parameters of the BVR with the fan arrangement of wells in the treatment faces. An example of its use is shown.

1. Pokrovsky G.I., Fedorov I.S. The effect of impact and explosion in deformable media. -M., 1957.-276 p.
2. Rakishev B.R. Generation of Granulometric Composition of Broken Rocks in Frag-mentation by Bench Blasting (2020) Journal of Mining Science, 56 (1), pp. 36 - 46, DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120016466
3. Rakishev B.R., Orynbay A.A., Musakhan A.B., Toleuov K.A. Justification of cy-lindrical entry cut geometry in underground mine gallery [Justification of parameters of cylindrical log in horizontal underground mining] (2021) Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin, 2021 (12), pp. 31 - 46, DOI: 10.25018/0236_1493_2021_12_0_31
4. Rakishev B.R., Orynbay A.A., Mussakhan A.B., Tuktibayev A.I. Computer-aided design of rational parameters for the location of blasthole charges in horizontal underground de-velopment (2021) Mining Technology: Transactions of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2021.1977903
5. Rakishev B., Rakisheva Z.B., Auezova A.M., Orynbay A.A. Digital hierarchical model of lumpiness of blasted rock mass (2020) Mining Technology: Transactions of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 129 (4), pp. 228 - 237, DOI: 10.1080/25726668.2020.1838775
6. Nikiforovsky V.S., Shemyakin E.I. Dynamic destruction of solids. Novosibirsk, 1979. 272 p.
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8. Khanukaev A.N. Physical processes during the breaking of rocks by explosion. M., 1974– - 223s.
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13. Kozyrev S.A., Abrashitov A.Yu., Onuprienko V.S., Volkov A.V. The perfection of explosive rebound technology in the development system with a sub-storey collapse and end ore release at the underground mines of the Khibiny deposits // Mining Journal. - 2019. - No. 11. - pp. 67-72. - DOI 10.17580/gzh.2019.11.12.
14. Marysyuk V. P., Sabyanin G. V., Trofimov A.V., Kirkin A. P. Determination of the parameters of borehole explosive charges during treatment stripping based on the calculation of ore destruction and zoning zones by physico-mechanical properties // Mining Journal. - 2020. - No. 1. - P. 58- DOI 10.17580/gzh.2020.01.11.
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Influence of various parameters of drilling and blasting operations in the edge protection of iron ore open pit mines on the efficiency of mining operations

Keywords:fortress, drilling-and-blasting works, specific expense, explosive, prikonturny zone, shielding, jointed zone, scheme of placement of charges, charge design, detonation speed

With increase depth of development of iron ore pits is observed high probability of a collapse of separate ledges. Onboard pits, sometimes in close proximity, there are constructions of infrastructure of the mountain enterprise and inhabited constructions which are affected by mass explosions on career. As a result of destroying impact of such mass explosions under threat of damage or destruction protected objects get, and the design contour of a pit can be exposed to the strengthened influence and doesn't meet the requirements of preservation of stability. Increase of efficiency of such scheme of conducting explosive works in a prikonturny zone of iron ore pits, requires carrying out special researches of physics and technology properties of breeds.

1. Rakishev B.R., Nurieisova M.B., Kasymkanova H.M. Stability of sides of ore pits and dumps. Almaty: KazNTU, 2006, 131 p.
2. Mosinets V.N. Crushing and seismic effect of explosion in rocks. - M., 2006. - 271 p.
3. Zeitlin Ya.I. To the calculation of the power of the security target during explosions. - In the collection: Explosive business. - M.: Nedra, 1997. - No. 78/35.
4. Shuifer M.I., Krasnov Yu.K. Some issues of the study of the seismic effect of explosions and the determination of earthquake-safe charge weights at the construction of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. - Proceedings of the Hydroproject. - M., 1994. - Issue 43. - pp. 165-168.
5. V.A. Borovikov, A.V. Ryskunov, V.K. Slastenko. Parameters of the stress wave during the explosion of low-density explosives. - In the collection: Explosive case. - M.: Nedra, 1999. - No. 92/49/.- pp.42-46
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9. Belin V.A., Ganopolsky M.I., Baron V.L. and others. Methods of conducting blasting operations. Special explosive works: A textbook / edited by prof. V.A. Belin. / M.:Moscow State University, 2007. 563 p.
10. Rakishev B.R. Determining the size of fracture zones in an array of rocks at borehole crushing charges / B.R. Rakishev // Sb. "Explosive business". - M.: IPKON RAS, 2010. - No.103/60. - pp. 53-65.
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Theoretical assessment of the possibility of using pyrotechnic compositions for the de-clining of oil reservoirs

Keywords:pyrotechnic composition, hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid, oil reservoir decontamination, thermodynamic parameters, chemically active substances

Research has been carried out on the development of pyrotechnic compositions capable of generating highly heated gas and vapor products chemically active with respect to the clay component of oil formations in the conditions of a well. As a result of the research, the components of pyrotechnic compositions capable of release during combustion of hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids were selected. Calculations of the thermodynamic parameters of the combustion products of pyrotechnic compositions containing the proposed components were carried out, and the most suitable composition for use as a reservoir decompiner with a component ratio: ammonium nitrate / potassium nitrate / polytrifluoroethylene / polyvyl chloride equal to 65/12/8/15 was determined.

1. Kosarev A.A., Mokeev A.A., Gilmutdinov D.K. i dr. Produkty goreniya tverdotoplivnyh zaryadov: ocenka effektivnosti dejstviya na karbonatnye porody (Gorenje products of solid fuel charges: evaluation of the effectiveness of action on carbonate rocks). Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of Kazan technological University. 2015. Vol. 18. No. 17. pp. 77-79.
2. Petrov A.S., Mokeev A.A., Garifullin R.Sh. i dr. Sgoraemye kislotogeneriruyushchie kompozicii dlya povysheniya nefteotdachi plastov (Combustible acid-generating compositions for enhanced oil recovery). Vzryvnoe delo = Explosive business. 2012. No 121-78. pp. 124-134.
3. Gagarkin D.M., Mokeev A.A., Marsov A.A. i dr. Issledovanie energonasyshchennyh materialov, primenyaemyh v tekhnologii kompleksnoj perforacii skvazhin (Research of energy-saturated materials used in the technology of complex perforation of wells). Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of Kazan technological University. 2012. Vol.15, No.24, pp. 122.
4. Chipiga S.V., Sadykov I.F., Marsov A.A. i dr. Ustrojstvo i tekhnologiya dlya kompleksnoj perforacii i termogazokislotnoj obrabotki prizabojnoj zony skvazhiny (Device and technology for complex perforation and thermal-gas-acid treatment of the bottom-hole zone of the well). Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of Kazan technological University. 2012. Vol.15, No.24, pp. 126.
5. Mokeev A.A., Salnikov A.S., Badretdinova L.H. i dr. Issledovanie kombinirovannyh zaryadov energonasyshchennyh materialov dlya obrabotki neftyanyh skvazhin (Investigation of combined charges of energy-saturated materials for oil well treatment). Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of Kazan technological University. 2014. Vol.17, No.15, pp. 268-269.
6. Patent of the Russian Federation №2469189. Sposob obrabotki prizabojnoj zony skvazhiny (The method of processing the bottom-hole zone of the well).

Efficient use of explosion energy by strong interlayers during industrial explosions in multi-strength rocks

Keywords:complex-structural deposit, rocks of different strength, strong interlayer, cylindrical charge, spherical charge, initiation, physical modeling, stress field, method

The effect of cylindrical and spherical charges of explosives in multi-strength arrays consisting of soft rocks and strong interlayers is investigated, which allows to establish a zone of compaction of soft rocks located between strong inclusions. A method of explosive destruction of an array of heterogeneous rocks has been developed, which allows controlling the energy of an explosion by counter-initiation using intermediate detonators installed on the upper and lower boundaries of each interlayer. A method of explosive destruction of an array using slits and placement of shaped charges in them has been developed, providing high-quality crushing of multi-strength rocks represented by strong inclusions located in the upper part of the ledge in the zone of uncontrolled crushing.

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2. Lyakhov G.M. Fundamentals of explosion dynamics in soils and liquid media. - M.: Nedra, 1964– - 216 p.
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5. Kravets V.G., Luchko A.V., Mikhalyuk A.V. The use of explosion energy in reclamation construction. - M.: Nedra, 1987. -208 p.

Recommendations for determining the parameters of blasting in the lower horizons of complex deposits

Keywords:quarry, rock, mountain massif, ledge, explosive, rock mass, resistance line along the sole, rock fortress, well grid, specific explosive consumption, charge, well diameter, charging

In the article, using the example of the deep quarries of Muruntau and Kalmakir, a technique adapted to complex-structured deposits is selected and recommendations are presented for calculating the parameters of borehole charges, allowing to get a complete picture of the conditions for conducting blasting operations at depth, and their spatial placement, qualitative and quantitative indicators of explosive loosening of the mountain massif. The results of calculations will allow to obtain the desired effect and optimize the parameters of technological processes of mining production.

1. Kuchersky N.I. Modern technologies in the development of primary gold deposits. - Moscow: "Ore and metals", 2007. - 696 p.
2. Umarov F.Ya., Nasyrov U.F. Technique of experimental studies of deformations of abutment rock mass under the action of the energy of a mass explosion. T.: Tashkent State Technical University, 2016, - 16 p.
3. Mosinets V.N. Crushing and seismic action of an explosion in rocks. M.: Nedra, 1976. - 271 p.
4. F.A. Avdeev, V.L. Baron, N.V. Gurov et al. Regulatory reference book on drilling and blasting / - M.: Nedra, 1986. - 511 p. (where the effective length of the charge is above the sole).
5. B.N.Kutuzov, V.M.Skorobogatov, I.E.Erofeev et al. Handbook of explosives // - M.: Nedra, 1988. 511 p.
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7. Tangaev I.A. Energy intensity of mining and processing processes. - M.: Nedra, 1986. - 231s.
8. Norov Yu.D. The action of the explosion of trench charges ejected in soils. - Monograph. Tashkent FAN, 2005. - 178s.
9. Bibik I.P. "Selection and justification of the parameters of drilling and blasting processes to improve the efficiency of mining and transport equipment of deep open pits" Diss. for the degree of Cand. tech. Sciences. 2003

Seismic action of underground mining explosions on population and construction of the city of the mine region

Keywords:accelerograms, velosigrams, spectrum, hypocentral distance, epicentral distance, SDD, optimal deceleration, deceleration stage, intensity of oscillations, seismic score

The paper presents the results of seismic monitoring of mass explosions at the Gubkin mine. The dependence of the maximum oscillation velocity on the reduced hypocentral distance is obtained. For each mass explosions was determined the intensity of the seismic effect of the explosion on the construction of the city of Gubkin and its population was determined. For one of the explosion an isoseist map is shown, demonstrating the seismic impact on the region. According to the seismic monitoring of the technological explosion of one well, numerical experiments were carried out to determine the optimal deceleration for SDD. The dependence of the intensity of vibrations from the mass explosives in the deceleration stage (well) and on the number of wells is determined.

1. Tseytlin YA.I., Smoliy N.I. Seysmicheskiye i udarnyye vozdushnyye volny promyshlennykh vzryvov. M.: Nedra, 1981, 191 s.
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4. V.N. Kostyuchenko, S.V. Kondrat'yev, G.G. Kocharyan. O parametrakh seysmicheskikh voln pri korotkozamedlennykh vzryvakh. FTPRPI. 1982. № 1. str.33-41.
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Geometric parameters of the seismic focus zone during mass explosions in quarries

Keywords:deformation waves, short-time explosion rate, cumulative effect, seismic center of mass explo-sion, collision of separate parts, geometric parameters, duration of action of seismic-explosive waves, mass oscillation rate

According to the literature data, the seismic energy, which means the oscillation rate and duration of the signal are proportional to the volume of the seismic center. The purpose of the article is to determine the geometric parameters of the seismic focus (the zone of cumulative action of deformation waves) during mass explosions in quarries. A mechanism for the occurrence of the cumulative effect in the deformation of a fractured rock mass from the CRV of groups of charges is proposed. Mathematical formulas are obtained for calculating the distance from the extreme wells to the boundaries of the cumulation zone – the center of seismic waves. the analysis of experimental data indicates that the pulse duration increases by 2 times in comparison with the calculated one when the groups of explosive charges are moving in the direction of the seismic equipment. this confirms the presence around the last group of explosive charges of the zone of cumulative action of deformation waves – a seismic center of mass explosion of the largest size. in a seismic center, there is a more intense collision of individuals, the duration of the seismic explosion pulse and the rate of vibrations of the array increase. reducing the size of the seismic focus (cumulative action zone) will reduce the duration of the impact of seismic waves and the rate of vibrations of the array, which is achieved primarily by increasing the deceleration interval and choosing the direction of the cv of groups of explosive charges relative to the protected object.

1. Sadovsky M. A. Seismics of explosions and seismology // Izv. of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Physics of the earth. 1987. No.11. pp. 34-42.
2. Mosinets V. N. Crushing and seismic effect of explosion in rocks. - M.: Nedra, 1976. 270 p.
3. Adushkin V. V., Spivak A. A. Underground explosions. - M.: Nauka. 2007. 579 p.
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