"Explosion technology"— scientific and technical journal

Modeling of the explosive directionality of close charges

Keywords:rocks, explosion, converging charges, well bundles, modeling, stress state, crushing zone, crack formation zone

Explosive destruction of an array of rocks by close charges is a promising direction for improving the technology of mining. Close charges are a form of dispersal of the bulk of the charge into small charges in wells drilled close to one another. By placing the charges in beams of wells in different ways, it is possible to control the effect of the blast wave and the aftereffect of the explosion in relation to the destruction of the rock mass.
The paper considers theoretical aspects of the action of close charges in relation to the crushing of rock in the zone near the blast well, and the remote zone in which the tensile cracks develop. Calculations of the influence of the geometric location of blast wells were carried out under the same loads on the array and the strength properties of rocks. It follows from the calculations that the crushing zone has the largest dimensions for the layout of wells with extremely close charges, and the smallest dimensions are characteristic of a single well. The greatest extent of the crushing zone is realized with the maximum proximity of wells in one row, and the minimum extent with the dispersal of charges. The scheme of one large charge creates more favorable conditions for the development of radial cracks. When using a well beam, the predominant orientation of the separation cracks is determined by the directions of tensile stresses concentration. At the same time, in certain directions, when using a well beam, radial cracks can be much more extensive than in the case of a single charge.
Thus, the explosive directionality is not equally manifested in the near and remote zones. This conclusion should be taken into account when designing blasting operations in mining and construction practice

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Crushing of rock in the upper layer by spherical camouflage, wave and quasistatic explosion phases

Keywords:explosion, top layer, quarry ledge, technological crushing, spherical camouflage phase, spherical wave phase, spherical quasi-static phase

The article introduces the method proposed by the authors for determining the degree of crushing of rock in the upper layer of the ledge of the crushing block by spherical camouflage, wave and quasi-static phases of the explosion. Using the computer software developed by the authors, the granulometric composition was calculated for specific blasting conditions and the degree of influence of the explosion of the borehole charge of industrial explosives on the granulometric composition in the upper layer of the quarry ledge was assessed.

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Neural network data analysis in the process of blasting borehole drilling

Keywords:Measurement While Drilling, MWD, drilling monitoring, drilling parameters, rock properties, blasting parameters, machine learning

Scientific research "Development of a method for predicting the fragmentation of blasted rocks based on measurement while drilling (MWD) data and machine learning" are carried out by the St. Petersburg Mining University and the "Problem Laboratory of Explosive Technologies" with financial support from the "Council for Grants of the President of the Russian Federation for State Support of Young Russian Scientists and for State Support of Leading Scientific Schools of the Russian Federation". An article presents a basic neural network and a deep neural network model using a machine learning genetic algorithm for optimization in predicting geological by MWD data from blast holes. The article discusses and describes the operation of two machine learning algorithms and presents confusion matrices for training neural networks, analyzes the accuracy of predictions of various geotypes, and performs a predictive assessment of the ability of each network. To evaluate the use as input data for training in the process of drilling blastholes, the main two-parameter and three-parameter groups of data that significantly affect the predictive accuracy are identified.

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Development of methods for assessing technological measures to reduce the damage from ore regrinding during explosive breaking

Keywords:drilling and blasting, underground geotechnology, ore regrinding, damage, technological measures, unification, rating, adaptability, universality

In underground mining, there is a problem of damage from over-grinding of ore as a result of the consequences of drilling and blasting operations at a stope. The fine fractions formed as a result, enriched with ore minerals, accumulate in hard-to-reach places in the stoping area and are most often lost. The volume of this type of loss of broken ore can reach 2-5% or more. When regrinding non-metallic ores, losses in the form of substandard raw materials reach 15-25% or more. Despite a significant variety of measures aimed at preventing, eliminating or minimizing the negative consequences of mineral regrinding, at present there is virtually no unified methodological basis for their assessment and justification. This paper proposes a methodology for assessing measures to reduce the damage from ore regrinding during underground mining, based on an expert-analytical rating system, which allows converting qualitative characteristics into quantitative indicators, taking into account the main and specific factors of the implementation of measures. The activities are united according to the main applied forces and tools of influence on the object and are systematized in accordance with the technological and chronological principles. It has been established that the most applicable in relation to various classes of underground mining systems, adaptive to the main and specific factors, the most universal are preventive measures to reduce damage from ore regrinding, based on the use of resource-saving, gentle and special methods of blasting directly when separating ore from the array, as well as in the preparation for mining. The results obtained are the basis for the subsequent unification of approaches to the substantiation and improvement of activities within the framework of a single methodology.

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Experimental study of rheological properties of an mulsion with an oxidizing phase from a binary solution of ammonium and calcium nitrate

Keywords:EE emulsion, viscosity, shear rate, shear stresses, pseudoplastic fluid

This paper presents experimental data on the study of rheological properties of emulsions with an oxidizing phase from a binary solution of ammonium and calcium nitrate. It is shown that: the rheological properties of emulsions with an oxidizing phase from a binary solution of ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate correspond to the rheological properties of pseudoplastic liquids; the content of ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, water does not have a statistically significant effect on the viscosity and shear stress in the considered range of their contents. Due to the fairly wide dissemination of EE data, knowledge of their rheological properties is undoubtedly of scientific and practical interest.

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Complex study of the disintegration parameters of a blasted rock mass

Keywords:blasted rock mass, explosive block, granulometric composition, performance of mining-and-transport complex, coefficients of loosening, output off-gauge faction, excavation, drilling and blasting operations

The purpose of the study is to describe a method for studying the parameters of a block prepared by drilling and blasting for excavation. The approbation of the method of studying the parameters is described by the example of the stripping block of the Vostochny quarry of the Olympiadinsky deposit. The article presents the results of the evaluation of the granulometric composition of the blasted rock mass and output of off-gauge faction, an estimate of the disintegration geometry and determines the coefficient of loosening of the block under study. The article analyzes the performance of the mining and transport complex involved in the processing of the block under study (excavator WK-35 and CAT 793D dump trucks).

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Selection of size classes for measuring and calculating granulometric composition in the upper zone of the quarry block

Keywords:blockiness category of the mountain massif, granularity, blockiness classes, technological fragmentation, technological parameters

The article outlines the main provisions of the choice of size classes when determining the granulation in the upper zone of unregulated crushing in a quarry block, based on the classification of rock massifs by blockiness developed in ICEMR RAS. Technological routes of the recaptured rock mass are taken into account. The concepts of small, medium and large crushing established at the mining enterprise and the accepted sizes of oversized are taken into account

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Analysis of the influence of drilling and blasting parameters on the quality of rock crushing

Keywords:open-pit mining, drilling and blasting parameters, granulometric composition, rock mass, crushing, fragmentation, Swebrec function, PortaMetrics, minerals, emulsion explosive

The paper describes current trends in the study of improving the quality of crushing of blasted rock mass depending on the regulation of parameters of drilling and blasting operations. The importance of studying this problem is that the main parameter of the quality of the results of drilling and blasting operations is the assessment of the granulometric composition of the blasted rock mass. Therefore, it is necessary to understand what indicators, to a greater extent affect the fragmentation. This will allow to control the quality of the explosion by adjusting of drilling and blasting parameters. As a result of work the comparative analysis of the granulometric compositions by the results of drilling and blasting operations in open pit 1 and open pit 2 was made. The work focused on such indicators as: diameter of blasting holes, bench height, water inflow, seasonality and their influence on rock mass fragmentation. Analysis of the measurement results showed that the combination of blasting holes diameters has a greater influence on the granulometric composition in unwatered conditions. Seasonal watering also affects So in pit 1 with unwatered massif, seasonal water inflow reduces the quality of fragmentation, and in pit 2 with watered massif, improvement of quality of the granulometric composition is registered.

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6. Victor Abioye Akinbinu, Gafar O. Oniyide, Musa Adebayo Idris Assessment of rock fragmentation and strength properties using Rosin-Rammlers and Extended Swebrec Distribution functions parameters Int. J. Min. & Geo-Eng. (IJMGE), 56-1 (2022). pp 53-60
7. Alfredo L. Coello-Velázquez, Víctor Quijano Arteaga, Juan M. Menéndez-Aguado, Francisco M. Pole, Luis Llorente Use of the Swebrec Function to Model Particle Size Distribution in an Industrial-Scale Ni-Co Ore Grinding Circuit Metals 2019, 9, 13 p. www.mdpi.com/journal/metals
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Experience of drilling and blasting operations in the circuit zone of the Kokpatas field quarry

Keywords:blasting, quarry edge zone, shielding gap, increasing the stability of the massif, blasting order, backsloping parameters, weakening surfaces

Despite numerous studies, the problem of ensuring the stability of the sides in their limit position due to the complexity and wide variety of mining and hydrogeological conditions of deposits for medium and deep pits has not been fully resolved. In this work, under industrial conditions, a method was developed for the formation of stable slopes of the sides of a quarry, which made it possible to obtain stable slopes of 10-meter ledges with slope angles of 650, preventing the need for additional spacing of the sides, while at the same time increasing the safety of work on the underlying horizons. The developed effective parameters of contour blasting ensured the creation of the widest possible screening gap with a given limitation of the power of the zone of violations of interblock connections in the slope part of the massif.

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4. Graur M.I. Control of the process of destruction of rocks during contour blasting in order to obtain stable slopes of ledges in quarries / Diss. ... candidate of Technical Sciences. – Moscow: Moscow State University, 1981. – 153 p.

Neural network modeling of the process of accumulating charges of perforators in wells

Keywords:pyrotechnic composition, combustion products, de-mineralization, oil reservoir, clay rock, core, bottom-hole zone

This article, using the NeuroShell software development environment, presents a developed and proven technique for creating a neural network model of the process of accumulating charges of perforators based on the knowledge base to ensure maximum penetration capacity. A comparative study of the results of computer mathematical modeling and field experiment is presented. The possibility of neural network modeling of the process of accumulating charges of perforators during drilling and blasting operations in wells has been studied and shown. A computational experiment was carried out, as a result of which the values of the input characteristics for the cumulative charge were determined by a neural network model.

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Investigation of the effect of pyrotechnic compositions gorenje products on clay rock cores

Keywords:pyrotechnic composition, combustion products, de-mineralization, oil reservoir, clay rock, core, bottom-hole zone

Studies have been carried out to study the effect of pyrotechnic compositions gorenje products on clay rock cores. As a result of the research, it was found that the compositions, including ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, polytrifluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride as components, have a significant de-clinizing effect, which is expressed by a significant decrease in mass, within 14-17%, of experimental samples of clay rock cores. At the same time, the studied formulations showed 3.5 times greater efficiency compared to the known formulation having the composition: ammonium nitrate - 35%, polyvinyl chloride - 50%, fluoro rubber of the SKF-32 brand, fluoroplast of the F-32L B brand – 5%. The results obtained open up the possibility of creating an efficient and high-performance device for de-clining layers.

1. Kryev R.A., Korobkov A.M., Garifullina G.I. i dr. Teoreticheskaya ocenka vozmozhnosti primeneniya pirotekhnicheskih sostavov dlya razglinizacii neftyanyh plastov (Theoretical assessment of the possibility of using pyrotechnic compositions for the decontamination of oil reservoirs). Vzryvnoe delo = Explosive business. 2022. No. 143-91. pp. 86-95.
2. Petrov A.S., Mokeev A.A., Garifullin R.Sh. i dr. Sgoraemye kislotogeneriruyushchie kompozicii dlya povysheniya nefteotdachi plastov (Combustible acid-generating compositions for enhanced oil recovery of reservoirs). Vzryvnoe delo = Explosive business. 2018. No. 121-78. pp. 124-134.
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5. Salnikov A.S., Garifullin R.Sh., Bazotov V.Ya. i dr. Termoplastichnoe tverdoe toplivo na osnove poroshkoobraznogo elastomera dlya teplovoj obrabotki neftyanyh skvazhin (Thermoplastic solid fuel based on powdered elastomer for heat treatment of oil wells). Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of Kazan technological University. 2016. Vol. 19. No. 19. p. 81-83.
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Experience of using a linear shaped charge to initiate the initiation of cracks in tested pipes during full-scale pneumatic tests

Keywords:gas trunkline pipeline, pipeline, pipes, pneumatic testing, gas trunkline testing, crack resistance, cracking, blasting, concentrated explosion, linear shaped charge, shaped jet, explosive charge mass

The use of a linear cumulative charge is necessary for the formation of crack initiation in the tested pipes of gas trunkline pipeline and their further opening by the method of concentrated explosion. The initiation of cracks is achieved by enhancing the action of the explosion by concentrating the energy of the cumulative jet and creating a cutting direction to simulate the conditions for the development of defects in trunkline pipelines and test them for crack resistance in order to implement the project of the Bovanenkovo-Ukhta gas trunkline pipeline system. The assortment of tested pipes and mechanical properties of steel are given. The method and technology of full-scale field pneumatic tests of pilot batches of pipes of gas trunklines at the test site of the Kopeysk pipe insulation plant, organized by Gazprom transgaz Yekaterinburg, are described. As a result of calculating the parameters and mass of the external linear cumulative explosive charge when breaking the walls of the metal test tubes to initiate the initiation of cracks in them, their optimal values are established and a scheme of the installation of a linear cumulative charge and the installation of an blasting circuit is shown. With all the full-scale field pneumatic tests of pilot batches of pipes, starting from 2008, a cumulative charge with a mass of 3.6 kg ensured the initiation of cracks in the tested pipes and their opening.

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3. «Proyekt vzryvnykh rabot» proyekta organizatsii rabot «Provedeniye naturnykh poligonnykh pnevmaticheskikh ispytaniy opytnykh partiy trub, prednaznachennykh dlya realizatsii proyekta sistemy gazoprovodov Bovanenkovo-Ukhta (diametrom 1420 mm, klass prochnosti K65 (X80), na rabocheye davleniye 11,8 MPa)» ["Blasting project" of the work organization project "Carrying out full-scale polygon pneumatic tests of pilot batches of pipes intended for the implementation of the project of the Bovanenkovo-Ukhta gas trunkline system (with a diameter of 1420 mm, strength class K65 (X80), for a working pressure of 11.8 MPa)"], IME UrB RAS, Yekaterinburg, 2007, 13 p. [In Russ].
4. Vasyukov V. I., Dildin Yu. M., Ladov S. V., Fedorov S. V. Opredeleniye energii kumulyativnoy strui razlichnymi sposobami [Determination of cumulative jet energy in various ways], Aktual'nyye problemy razrabotki sredstv porazheniya i boyepripasov : sbornik nauchnykh statey, posvyashch. 80-letiyu kaf. "Vysokotochnyye letatel'nyye apparaty", MGTU im. N. E. Baumana, Moscow, 2018. (Trudy / MGTU im. N. E. Baumana; № 616), pp. 105-118 [In Russ].
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8. Duan B., Zhou Y., Zheng S., Bao M., Wang L., Dong J., Blasting demolition of steel structure using linear cumulative cutting technology. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 11, 2017, pp. 1-11.
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13. Lim, S., Lusk B ., Worsey P. N. Mechanisms of Linear Shaped Charge Cutting - a New Explanation. // Proceeding of Thirty-First Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique / Orlando, 2005, PP. 169-178.
14. Cheng X., Huang G., Liu C., et al. Design of a novel linear shaped charge and factors influencing its penetration performance. Appl Sci, 8 (10), 2018, p. 1863.
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17. Dopolneniye k «Proyektu vzryvnykh rabot» proyekta organizatsii rabot «Provedeniye naturnykh poligonnykh pnevmaticheskikh ispytaniy trub diametrom 1420 mm dlinoy 5 m s tolshchinoy stenki 27,7 mm klassa prochnosti K65 proizvodstva PAO «Severstal'» [Addendum to the "Blasting Project" of the work organization project "Conducting full-scale pneumatic testing of pipes with a diameter of 1420 mm and a length of 5 m with a wall thickness of 27.7 mm, strength class K65, manufactured by PJSC" Severstal"], IME UrB RAS, Yekaterinburg, 2021,13 p. [In Russ].
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Seismic monitoring and prediction of the consequences of large-scale anthropogenic impacts on rock massifs in open-pit conditions

Keywords:quarry, explosives, borehole charges, mass explosion, seismic action of blasts, stability of benches, computer program

On the basis of the results of experimental observations of the seismic effect of blasts in the instrumental part of the massif at the Zhelezny mine of Kovdorsky GOK and numerical simulation the engineering methodology for rapid assessment of the seismic blast effects on the outline massif during blasting in the open-pit, which allows to estimate the width of fracturing and shattering zones in the rear of the massif, the zones of induced fracturing and stability of the benches above during dynamic effects of a mass explosion.

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