"Explosion technology"— scientific and technical journal

On the question of expanding the conceptual apparatus of the theory of rocks explosion

Keywords:theory of explosive destruction of rocks, classification of methods for regulating crushing, negative results of explosive crushing, reasons for negative results of explosions, methods for improving the quality of crushing, degree of explosive crushing, methods for regulating crushing

The types of negative results of explosive preparation of rocks for excavation are analyzed (with the reasons for their occurrence and methods of elimination), set forth in the theory of rock explosion and in the theory of open-pit mining (OPM), as a result of which the list of both types of negative results of rock blasting and and the causes and ways to eliminate them. Methods for regulating the degree of crushing of rocks by explosion, set out in the theory of rock explosion and in the theory of open-pit mining, have been analyzed and compared with each other, as a result of which an updated classification of methods for regulating the degree of crushing of rocks by explosion has been proposed. Such concepts of explosive crushing of rocks as “the degree of crushing of rocks by explosion”, “regulating the degree of crushing of rocks by explosion”, “method of regulating the degree of crushing of rocks by explosion” have been adjusted.

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ANC technology is a new type of sensitization of industrial explosives

Keywords:industrial explosives, ANC technology, sensitization, explosion, ammonium nitrate

The article describes a new approach to the sensitization of industrial explosives, to increase their energy characteristics and improve their use in the mining industry. In particular, the results of their tests obtained during field tests during the All-Russian conference "Industrial Explosive Technologies" held in November 2024 are presented.

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On the standard deviations of the measured values for the main detonation characteristics of emulsion explosives

Keywords:properties of explosives, detonation Velocity, density, emulsion explosives, Fortis, Nitronite, Poremite-1A, deviations of detonation characteristics of emulsion explosives

Based on the analysis of the database of experimental measurements of the main detonation characteristics of emulsion explosives Fortis, Nitronite and Poremite-1A, obtained under industrial conditions at mining enterprises of the Ural region, standard deviations from the average values of the measured density and detonation velocity of explosives, coefficients of variation, as well as deviations of their average values from the normative ones are established. The research was carried out for a comprehensive methodology for adapting the parameters of drilling and blasting operations to changing mining conditions during the development of deep-lying complex-structural deposits of solid minerals in the dynamics of mining development, taking into account their technological relationship.

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Approaches to automated data processing in analyzing blast well drilling telemetry for developing specialised software

Keywords:algorithm, block model, blastholes, drilling telemetry, energy consumption, data averaging

In mining and geological information systems (MGIS) and specialized software products when implementing algorithms for constructing block models based on telemetry data obtained during drilling blastholes and their subsequent interpretation in mining and geological information systems and specialized software products, there are some features of the use and applicability of such data, due to the inevitable and constant increase in requirements, from the point of view of the quality of the information provided for further engineering use, analysis and decision-making in the field of blasting operations. The article considers approaches to interval averaging of drilling energy intensity data and describes two approaches to the implementation of deterministic and stochastic block models, namely, when averaging with fixed and non-fixed intervals by depth, respectively.
In the drilling design module of the web application "System for monitoring construction work at sites that have passed state examination", developed within the framework of the project "Geoinformation system of digital regional management" of the comprehensive scientific and technical program of the full innovation cycle "Clean coal - Green Kuzbass", the data obtained from the drilling rig during drilling are loaded into the application being developed to calculate the energy intensity of drilling and build a block model. The obtained data allow you to build a block model of energy intensity, and 3D Web rendering tools make it possible to display the block model in various representations (deterministic, stochastic), as well as to obtain a visualization of the cross-section of the rock mass along a given plane. Loading and storing drilling data allows you to work with data from drilling machines of various manufacturers and brands, since the web application has a tool and the ability to analyze data and perform calibration.
The article was written with financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of the agreement on the provision of grants from the federal budget in the form of subsidies dated September 30, 2022 No. 075-15-2022-1195 and within the framework of the comprehensive scientific and technical program of the full innovation cycle "Development and implementation of a complex of technologies in the fields of exploration and extraction of solid minerals, industrial safety, bioremediation, creation of new products of deep processing from coal raw materials with a consistent reduction of the environmental burden on the environment and risks to the life of the population" (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 11, 2022 No. 1144-r).

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Justification of drilling and blasting parameters in the development of overburden rocks based on the results of the work of excavation and loading equipment

Keywords:drilling and blasting operations, well pattern, oversized output, specific consumption of explosives, excavator productivity, bench height

Based on the results of experimental blasting operations in quarries with changes in the grid and depth of wells, deceleration intervals and specific consumption of explosives, using the portable device “Portal metrics”, studies of the granulometric composition of the overburden rock prepared for excavation were carried out. The quality of the prepared overburden was later assessed based on the results of the work of excavation equipment, including a straight shovel type excavator. Based on the data obtained, the parameters of the blasting network and the optimal bench height were proposed to ensure improved quality of the fractional composition of the overburden rock, a reduction in the accident rate of production processes, an increase in the service life of excavation and loading equipment, and an increase in the productivity of excavators. Based on the results of the experiments, an analysis of the performance of the excavator was carried out, and the dependence of the performance of excavation and loading equipment on the parameters of blasting operations was established.

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Assessment of damage from bad quality ore breaking at the contact with underlying rocks during underground mining of gentle bedding deposits

Keywords:gentle dipping deposit, open stoping, flat bottom, ore blasting, losses, ore fines, extractive value

In this work, an assessment was made of the damage that occurs during bad quality breaking of ore at the contact with the underlying rocks during open stoping extraction with a flat bottom design in the conditions of mining gently dipping deposits of disseminated copper-nickel ores of limited thickness. The main sources of such damage have been identified – the loss of unbroken ore in the lower part of the open stope with the formation of an uneven surface of the soil of the working space and the loss of broken ore in the form of smalll fractions with a high content of metals (enriched ore fines) due to the impossibility of high-quality cleaning of uneven soil. To determine the loss of unbroken ore, a technique is proposed that differs by taking into account the angle of the formed soil as a result of bad quality breaking at the contact with the underlying rocks. To determine the losses of broken ore, a technique has been proposed that allows one to take into account the granulometric composition and the degree of enrichment of the ore mass compacted as a result of the operation of the loading and hauling machine. The dependences of the loss rates of unbroken and broken ore on mining-geological and mining-technical factors – the thickness of ore body, the width of the open stopes and the height of the layer of lost ore – have been established. The predicted amount of damage per one open stope was determined depending on its geometric parameters. Taking into account the annual production capacity of the mine of 1.2 million tons and the share of the use of open stoping mining during reserves, a forecast was made about the magnitude of potential damage from bad quality ore breaking at the contact with the underlying rocks

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New criterion of self-ignition of fire-hazardous materials

Keywords:self-ignition, ambient temperature, flammable materials, self-ignition criteria, heat transfer equation

The article is devoted to the development of new criteria for self-ignition of flammable materials. The question of the formation of an additional criterion for the possibility of self-ignition using a dimensionless indicator proposed by Frank-Kamenetsky is analyzed. Two additional dimensional parameters are proposed, depending on the ambient temperature. It is shown that the first indicator considered as a criterion of self-ignition has a maximum from the second indicator when the latter is equal to the universal gas constant. At the same time, the maximum value of the first indicator does not depend on the ambient temperature and is considered as an invariant. A comparison of the proposed criterion with the Frank-Kamenetsky criterion of a similar type showed the coincidence of their maxima at the specified point, however, in the future the proposed criterion turns out to be less strict, which will make it possible to use preventive fire protection measures more effectively.

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On the possibility of preventing pontaneous ignition ofombustible materials

Keywords:self-ignition, critical temperature, combustible materials, optimization, heat generation

The possibility of preventing spontaneous ignition of combustible materials is analyzed. A calculation method has been developed for calculating the critical ambient temperature at which spontaneous ignition of materials can occur. It is shown that for specific stored materials, by determining the values of the parameters included in the proposed formula, it is possible to calculate the coefficient of gain in the risk of spontaneous ignition of the material in question.

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Industrial seismic from gentle blasting at the Tominskoye field

Keywords:seismic effect of explosion, blasting, destruction of rocks, properties of rocks, critical and permissible speed of soil vibrations, permissible distance, critical and permissible mass of explosive charge

The results of a study of industrial seismics from blasting operations at the Tominsky GOK are presented. The measurements were carried out by digital seismic recorders on the daytime surface of the mining area of the quarry. Regression dependences are constructed and empirical equations and coefficients are obtained that allow predicting the level of seismic impact of an explosion. Formulas are proposed for calculating the safe masses of explosive charges and distances providing seismic fluctuations within acceptable values during the development of the deep-lying complex-structural Tominsky deposit of porphyry copper ores.

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Threat of karst spreading in a limestone quarry

Keywords:karst, limestone quarry, blasting operations, acid rain, hydrosphere pollution

The article is devoted to the study of the occurrence and spread of karst in the zone of influence of a limestone quarry and a cement plant located nearby. Total emissions from cement production contain NO3- and SO42-, CO2 aerosols, which cause acid precipitation. Due to the vast territory of the quarry of 150 hectares, huge outcrops of limestone rock (calcium carbonate, chemical formula CaCO3) come to the daylight surface, which has a high solubility when interacting with acid precipitation. The article provides an overview of the triggering mechanisms of karst formation. It is noted that ongoing blasting operations at the limestone quarry can aggravate the incipient formation of karst voids. Due to the spread of karst in the quarry area, the groundwater level decreases, as a result of which the cavities are drained and the influx of polluted surface water increases, which further aggravates the environmental situation around, leading to pollution of the hydrosphere. This study presents methods for diagnosing karst based on the specific features of its spread. The forms of formation of typical karst sinkholes in the mining area are given. The review concludes with methods for combating karst.

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Participation Of ANO "NOIV" in solving the problems of the complex scientific and technical program "Electronic detonators of Russia" (Results of the XXV International Conference on explosives)

Keywords:conference, explosives, technology, development, blasting operations, speaker, facility