"Explosion technology"— scientific and technical journal

To control the geomechanical condition of the rock mass during explosive stripping

Keywords:mining problems, directional detonation, beam charges, borehole charge design, charge diameter, counter-detonation, series of charges, experimental justification, computer modeling

Modern mining of mineral deposits is characterized by a tendency to develop aspects of unresolved long-term mining problems related to the use of explosion action. Within the framework of this article, studies of one of them are considered on the basis of the characteristics of the directional effect of the explosion, its structures, detonation schemes and the results of the impact. These factors, related to the impact on the volume and time scale of mining, have made it possible to develop appropriate tools and new schemes for their application. The technological effect of this directional detonation is based on the explosion of a borehole charge in the form of various types of a beam of converging charges and a specific mechanism of their action. New forms of directional action have been established with varying configurations and row-to-row decelerations. For the first time in the development of minerals in the theory and practice of blasting, a hypothesis was proposed, which consists in a method of detonation by oncoming charges in order to minimize various unfavorable geological factors arbitrarily located between them and making it difficult to achieve the necessary results. The explosive substance of the beam charge, equivalent in explosion energy to a single charge, was dispersed in several rows of converging charges of smaller diameter with their different locations and detonation time. The mechanism of the explosive process differs significantly from the standard development of the explosive process. This allows us to take advantage of its spatial location when solving complex mining problems. Varying the configurations and row-to-row decelerations of the rows of converging charges made it possible to establish new effects and possibilities of directional explosive action. The physics of the explosion of oncoming charges was based on the use of their action, taking into account the specific conditions of the location of geological fragments in rock formations. The numerical method of smoothed particles (SPH) was used in laboratory studies. The computer simulation of this explosive process was based on the management of the geomechanical state of the rock mass. Certain results and estimated conclusions have been obtained, which promotes the solution of one of the most important problems of mining.

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The article presents an analysis of factors influencing the formation and development of fracturing in rock masses, which must be accounted for in the design of technological explosions in quarries. These factors can be divided into natural and anthropogenic. Natural factors include: physico-mechanical properties of the rocks composing the quarry massif, initial stress-strain state of the deposit area, geodynamic activity of the rock mass, tectonic forces, gravitational forces, unloading, petrogenesis processes, weathering, geothermal processes, hydrogeological conditions. Anthropogenic factors include mining operations, including the complex of drilling and blasting operations.

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Calculation of the specific heat of the explosion of emulsifiers

Keywords:emulsion explosives, specific heat of explosion, polystyrene foam granules, emulsifiers

Due to the possibility of mechanized loading of wells with low-density mixtures of emulsion explosives (EE) with expanded polystyrene granules, there is considerable interest in using these mixed explosives to form borehole charges in the production of gentle blasting in quarries. However, for the effective implementation of gentle detonation using low-density explosives, it is necessary to know their detonation parameters, of which the specific heat of the explosion is the most important. This paper presents a method for determining this value, which is of considerable interest for the practice of using these EEs.

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Keywords:bulk emulsion explosives, gas microbubble sensitization, explosive impact modeling, fan charge, blasthole charge

Currently, the development of various types of bulk emulsion explosives (EE) capable of being retained in ascending boreholes (boreholes) after loading, as well as compact mechanized loading equipment, has led to the expanded use of EE in underground mining. However, the effective use of bulk EE, along with mechanized charging equipment and EE capable of being retained in ascending boreholes (boreholes), requires ensuring reliable detonation of the charges, including fan charges. Given the importance of maintaining the detonation properties of fan charges of EE subjected to the dynamic impact of previously detonated rings, the development of methods for experimentally assessing the resistance of EE sensitized by gas microbubbles to this type of load is an important and relevant task for mining practice. This paper proposes a method for simulating the dynamic impact of a fan charge's pre-detonation on an adjacent ring using blasthole charges.

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Optimization of the least resistance line for first row wells based on digital modeling data of the explosive mass structure

Keywords:blasting, quality control of fragmentation, first row of wells, least resistance line, complex structured massif, Voronoi diagrams, optimization of BVR parameters, granulometric composition

Quality control of explosive fragmentation is a relevant task for mining enterprises, some of which face the problem of oversized fractions along the least resistance line (LRL), especially when blasting ledges with complex structural rock masses. The article describes an approach to optimizing the LRL for first row wells, based on the operational photogrammetric survey data of the slope ledge and three-dimensional layered modeling of the influence zones of the wells (using the Voronoi diagram method in the Kuznetsov-Rammel modeling). An algorithm for spatial optimization of parameters for blasting operations (BVR) has been proposed, allowing for the calculation of the value of the least resistance line (LNS) for each well based on the local strength and fracturing of the massif. The methodology has been verified through a series of computational experiments on a digital model of a real production facility. It was established that the use of the developed approach can reduce the output of oversized fraction (+100 cm) from 14.2% to 7.5%. The obtained results confirm the possibility of increasing the efficiency of BVR through the implementation of the proposed algorithm in designing blasting parameters while considering the spatial heterogeneity of the blasted massif.

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Analysis and improvement of fire-hazardous works at the facilities of the oil refining industry in the Republic of Bashkortostan

Keywords:hot work, fire safety, oil refining industry, occupational risk, simulator, workplace preparation, control, labor protection, planning, industrial safety

This article explores the primary causes of fires at oil refining facilities in the Republic of Bashkortostan during the execution of hot work operations. A risk assessment was conducted using a matrix method to identify major hazards associated with such activities. The study proposes risk mitigation strategies including the implementation of a virtual training simulator to improve personnel preparedness, along with digital solutions for monitoring and planning fire-hazardous tasks. Positive experience with the “Fire-Hazardous Work Control” project at oil industry enterprises is also presented.

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6. Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of 07.04.2004 No. 43 "On approval of standards for equivalent issuance of certified medical clothing, reliable footwear and other personal protective equipment to employees of branches, structural divisions, subsidiaries and organizations of PJSC ANK Rosneft" [Text]. - Introduced 15.08.2004. – M.: Mintr-ud, 2004. – 33 p.
7. Ivanova E.V. Development of new enterprise standards in the field of fire safety for the facilities of PJSC ANK Bashneft, Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim / E.V. Ivanova, L.Kh. Zaripova // Proceedings of the 74th scientific and technical conference of students, graduate students and young scientists of Ufa State Petroleum Technical University. 2023. – P. 226.
8. Ivanova E.V. Use of simulators to reduce the risk of injury in the oil and gas industry / E.V. Ivanova, I.I. Zaripov, L.Kh. Zaripova // VI International scientific and practical conference "Actual problems of ensuring fire, emergency and individual safety of facilities." – 2024. – P. 153.
9. Ivanova E.V. Virtual simulator for acquiring skills in preparing and carrying out gas hazardous works / E.V. Ivanova, I.I. Zaripov, G.I. Nizamova // XVII International scientific and practical conference of young scientists "Actual problems of science and technology-2024". - 2024. - P. 29.
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Investigation of combustion characteristics of energy-saturated material for the landing module of the explosive packer

Keywords:landing module, explosive slip packer, safety margin, operational life, oil well repair, gas-generating composition, energy-saturated material

Gas-generating charges based on energy-saturated material are used in the oil and gas industry as part of landing modules designed to install slip packers in wells during repair and restoration work. The paper investigates the combustion patterns of a new, improved energy-saturated material, which opens up the prospects for creating slip packers with an integrated landing module. Gorenje Comparative experiments of the proposed and standard energy-saturated materials have been carried out under test conditions that allow developing the gas pressure level typical for the operation of the lander. The values of the linear and mass gorenje rates of energy-saturated materials and their dependence on pressure are established. Under conditions typical for the operation of the lander with a pressure level of about 1000 kgf/cm2, the new energy-saturated material burns at an average linear velocity of 7.27 mm/s, which is more than 5 times less than the standard energy-saturated material.

1. Fayzullin I.G., Pichugin M.N. Technological approaches to the implementation of multistage hydraulic fracturing in low-permeability reservoirs // Gazpromneft STC LLC, 2017.
2. Yakuba A.N., Kharkov A.A., Lozovoy A.A., Nikolaichik E.N., Rylyakov V.A. Plug@Perf technology: Equipment, technical solutions and application experience // NTV "Karotazhnik". Tver: Publishing House AIS. 2020, Issue 5 (305). pp. 82-106.
3. Pavlova Ya.O., Mokeev A.A., Petrov A.S. Evaluation of the operational life of the landing module of the explosive slip packer. 2024. No. 142-99. pp. 89- 102
4. Salnikov A.S., Gilmanov R.Z., Marsov A.A., Mokeev A.A. and others. Non-detonating energy-saturated ammonium nitrate-based materials used in oil production intensification technologies// Bulletin of the Technological University. 2016. Vol. 19. No. 19. pp. 66-70.
5. Mukhammadiev A.G., Salnikov A.S. Design development of a pneumatic landing chamber of a slip packer with an increased operational resource. STUDENT OF THE YEAR 2021. Collection of articles of the International Educational and Research Competition in 6 parts. Petrozavodsk, 2021. pp. 48-56.
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8. Patent US10443331, 12/27/2018.
9. Mokeev A.A., Evdokimov A.P., Salnikov A.S., Garifullin R.Sh., Marsov A.A., Fayzullina M.R. Investigation of the flammability of an energy-saturated thermal source material from an industrial electric initiator// Bulletin of the Technological University. 2015. Vol. 18. No. 4. pp. 208-210.
10. Mokeev A.A., Salnikov A.S., Badretdinova L.Kh., Evdokimov A.P., Marsov A.A. Investigation of combined charges of energy-saturated materials for oil well treatment// Bulletin of the Technological University. 2014. Vol. 17. No. 15. pp. 268-269.
11. Gorenje A.A., Salnikov A.S., Badretdinova L.Kh., Evdokimov A.P. Laboratory bench for studying the combustion characteristics of combined charges of energy-saturated materials// Bulletin of Kazan Technological University. 2014. Vol. 17. No. 15. pp. 95-97.
12. Badretdinova L.Kh., Sadykov I.F., Mokeev A.A., Marsov A.A. Investigation of the dependence of gorenje characteristics on the physical stability of the energy-saturated thermal source material// Bulletin of Kazan Technological University. 2014. Vol. 17. No. 7. pp. 120-122.

Influence of detonation speed on the seismic effect of explosions during open mining of mineral deposits

Keywords:explosion, seismic, vector velocity, detonation velocity, computer simulation, smoothed particle method SPH, seismic safety

The article discusses the main provisions of the methodology for conducting studies of the seismic effect of an explosion at a landfill and the specifics of using the smoothed particle method (SPH) to study the seismic effect of an explosion in monolithic and fractured massifs. A flowchart of studies of the seismic and crushing effects of the explosion is presented, as well as a brief overview of previous work. Some results of studies of the effect of the detonation velocity on the vector velocity of soil displacement in various explosion zones as in monolithic ones are presented. It is established that the dependence of the rate of displacement of the soil on the rate of detonation of charges is polynomial in nature. This indicates the complex, non-linear nature of this process. This pattern implies the possibility of extremes – areas of maximum or minimum effect, which is important to take into account when predicting and optimizing the parameters of blasting operations.

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3. Sadovsky M.A., Pisarenko V.F. Seismic process in a block environment. Moscow: Nauka. 1991. 95 p.
4. Sovmen V.K., Kutuzov B.N., Maryasov A.L., Ekvist B.V., Tokarenko A.V. Seismic safety during blasting operations: A textbook. Moscow. Gornaya Kniga Publishing House. 2012. 228 p.
5. Kuzmenko A.A., Vorobyov V.D., Denisyuk I.I., Dauetas A.A. Seismic effect of explosion in rocks. Moscow: Nedra. 1990. 173 p.
6. Efremovtsev N.N., Efremovtsev P.N. Seismic and environmental factors of optimizing the control of the kinetics of energy release by detonation systems to ensure the safe conduct of blasting. Mining Information and Analytical Bulletin (scientific and technical journal). 2012. no S4-14. pp. 11-16.
7. Grib G.V., Pozynich A.Yu., Grib N.N., Petrov E.E. Dependence of the seismic effect of an explosion in a rock mass on the technological conditions of drilling and blasting operations. Proceedings of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2012. vol. 14. no. (8). pp. 2112-2117.
8. Fedotenko V.S., Efremovtsev N.N., Kharchenko A.V. Methodological issues of a comprehensive assessment of the crushing and man-made effects of blasting operations during open-pit mining. Mining industry. 2024. no. 6. pp. 60-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2024-6-60-67.

Development of technology for assessing the suitability of explosives to reduce the negative impact on the environment

Keywords:simple explosive, testing, industrial explosive, environmental safety, explosives, environmental protection, blasting operations, technological pollution, granulated ammonium nitrate, petroleum product

The widespread use of the simplest industrial explosive Granulite brand RP-2 in quarries of the Crimean region is accompanied by the release of toxic gases and dust, which increase environmental and industrial risks. The objective of the work is to develop an operational technology for express assessment of the suitability of Granulite RP-2 at all stages of its handling in order to reduce the negative impact on the environment and improve the safety of blasting operations.An experimental and analytical approach was used: RP-2 samples with variable water content (0–4%) and oil product (6–7%) plus a standard were studied; the effect of sample content on suitability under warehouse conditions was assessed; bulk density was determined in a verified cylindrical vessel using electronic laboratory scales; stratification and condition of granules were assessed; The results are compared with the technical conditions and regulated types of control (acceptance, input, periodic). The measured densities of the samples were approximately 0.99–1.054 g/cm³; deviations from the standard were accompanied by the dissolution of nitrate, stratification of the oil product and deterioration of technological suitability. The boundaries were determined where excess water and fuel, changing the density, cause defects that potentially reduce the completeness of detonation and increase emissions of harmful products. Field density measurement is recommended as a fast, mobile and economical indicator of the quality of Granulite RP-2; it allows you to adjust the composition, prevent failures, incomplete detonation and environmentally hazardous emissions; it serves as the basis for a comprehensive control technology for production, storage, transportation and use, reducing the technogenic load of quarries.

1. Shishkin Yu. E., Polovinko I. V. Environmental safety of handling simple industrial explosives in the Crimean region. Sistemy kontrolya okruzhayushchei sredy = Environmental Monitoring Systems. 2024; 3. (In Russ.)
2. Frantov A. E., Viktorov S. D., Lapikov I. N., Vyatkin N. L., Bolotova Yu. N. Development of methodological approaches to modeling the properties of multicomponent granulites and their influence on blasting quality. Gornaya promyshlennost = Mining Industry. 2024; 5S: 79–90. Available from: doi: 10.30686/1609-9192-2024-5S-79-90 (In Russ.)
3. Kozyrev S. A., Vlasova E. A. Study of blasting characteristics of domestically manufactured industrial explosives: monograph. Apatity: KNTs RAN = Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences; 2024. 145 p. Available from: doi: 10.37614/978-5-91137-509-6 (In Russ.)
4. Mamoshin S. A., Venediktova Yu. A. Quality control of the emulsifier for emulsion explosives. Materialy VI Vseros. konf. "Khimiya i khimicheskaya tekhnologiya" (KuzGTU, Kemerovo, 29–30 Nov 2022) = Proc. 6th All-Russian Conf. "Chemistry and Chemical Technology" (KuzGTU, Kemerovo, 29–30 Nov 2022). Kemerovo: KuzGTU; 2022. (In Russ.)
5. Makosko A. A., Matesheva A. V. Atmospheric pollution and quality of life of the population in the 21st century: threats and prospects. Moscow: Rossiiskaya akademiya nauk = Russian Academy of Sciences; 2020. 258 p. (In Russ.)
6. Papichev V. I. Assessment of the impact of mining production on regional natural resources. Gornyi zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2005; 4: 94–96 (In Russ.)
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10. Latyshev O. G., Motorin B. I., et al. Promyshlennye vzryvchatye materialy: uchebnoe posobie = Industrial explosive materials: textbook. Ekaterinburg: Ural'skii gosudarstvennyi gornyi universitet = Ural State Mining University; 2009. (In Russ.)
11. Drabchuk Yu. V. Tekhnologiya i bezopasnost vzryvnykh rabot: uchebnoe posobie = Technology and safety of blasting operations: textbook. Irkutsk: IrGTU; 2008. (In Russ.)
12. Biessikirski A., Dworzak M., Pytlik M., Nachlik S. Impact of the type of energetic material on the fume emission in open-pit mining. Sustainability. 2025; 17(5): 2075. Available from: doi: 10.3390/su17052075
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Participation of the scientific councils of the ANO "NOIV", the RAS, and the commission of the public council at Rostekhnadzor in resolving the problems of the integrated scientific and technical program "Electronic detonators of Russia"

Keywords:conference, explosives, technology, development, blasting operations, speaker, object

From September 8 to 12, 2025, the 27th International Conference on Mining and Blasting Engineering was held in Sochi. The conference venue included three sites on the grounds of the Prestige Hotel, located at 155/2 Prosveshcheniya Street, Adler District, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai. Two of these venues hosted extended meetings of the Scientific Councils of the ANO NOIV, the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Commission of the Public Council under Rostekhnadzor. The third main venue, the Mindal Conference Hall, hosted plenary sessions. A distinctive feature of this conference was the participation of mathematicians, physicists, programmers, and specialists in the chemical industry, IT, and artificial intelligence. The conference discussed current issues related to the production and supply of new domestic instruments, methods for monitoring drilling, blasting, and chemical operations, drilling and blasting design software and initiation systems, special ammonium nitrate for blasting, and explosive materials (EM) used in mining operations and geophysical surveys. Issues of national sovereignty in the field of blasting for mining companies, research and development of mining technologies in the face of sanctions and the terrorist threat to hazardous industrial facilities were also addressed. One of the conference's key topics was the development of the northern territories of the Russian Arctic zone and the construction of facilities for the development of the Northern Sea Route.