"Explosion technology"— scientific and technical journal

Determining the degree of rock mass racturing in Mathcad mathematical package

Keywords:blast, blasting works, fracture of rocks, grain-size composition, the average size of a block, logarithmically normal distribution, parameters of drilling-and-blasting works

Determining of cracks in rocks massifs on quarries is a complex and tedious task. However, this knowledge is crucial to understanding the mechanism of explosive crushing of rocks and, more specifically, gives information for the choice of the required type of the explosive, a specific expense and other parameters of mass explosion. The determining of cracks in rocks is currently performed according to photos through manual counting or in expensive specialized programs. In article is offered to automate determining of cracks in rocks with the help of the mathematical Mathcad system that allows quickly and from a fine precision to determine parameters of borehole charges.

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2. Viktorov S.D., Kazakov N.N., Shlyapin A.V., Lapikov I.N. Classification of mining masses of the deposit by blockiness. // Explosion technology (Vzryvnoe delo). 2021. №131/88. pp. 18-28.
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8. Potresov D.K., Lvov A.D. Neural network model for automated assessment of the degree of fracturing of the mountain massif. // Mining Informational and Analitical Bulletin. 2003. № 4. pp. 121-123.
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11. Velikanov V.S., Dremin A.V., Chernukhin S.A., Lomovtseva N.V. Technologies of neural networks in the intelligent analysis of data on the particle size distribution of blasted rocks. // Russian Mining Industry. 2024. №4. pp. 90-94.
12. Dremin A.V., Velikanov V.S. Digital technologies for blasting: an intelligent autonomous software and hardware complex of Davtech for analyzing the grain size distribution of rocks. // Russian Mining Industry. 2023. №6. pp. 57-62.
13. Simonov P.S. Assessment of rock fracturing (blockiness) using Mathcad mathematical system. // Mining, processing and application of natural stone: sat. scientific. tr. – Magnitogorsk: Publishing House of Magnitogorsk. state technical un-ta named after G.I. Nosova, 2018. pp. 29-36.
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Comparative analysis of methods for calculating the parameters of blasting wells, taking into account the physico-chemical properties of rocks

Keywords:downhole drilling, calculation of parameters, physico-mechanical properties of rocks, explosion efficiency, foam-gel downhole, downhole locking devices, numerical modeling, empirical methods, rock crushing

The article presents a comparative analysis of methods for calculating the parameters of blasting wells, taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of rocks. Traditional and modern downhole materials such as sand, a water hammer, foam-gel mixtures and borehole locking devices, as well as their influence on the efficiency of blasting operations, are considered. Special attention is paid to the calculation methods: empirical, analytical and numerical (FEM, DEM). Their advantages, disadvantages and conditions of use are revealed. It is shown that combined and numerical methods provide the highest accuracy, but require significant computing resources and qualified personnel.

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7. Levchik S.P., Masaev YU.A. Vliyanie vodyanoj zabojki na razrushenie gornykh porod vzryvom (The effect of water slaughter on the destruction of rocks by explosion) // Vzryvnoe delo. – M.: Nedra, 1973. – №72(29). – S. 124–130.
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10. Analiz vliyaniya dliny zabojki v skvazhinnom zaryade vzryvchatykh veshchestv na process razrusheniya gornykh porod (Analysis of the influence of the length of the hole in the borehole charge of explosives on the process of rock destruction) / F. YA. Umarov, U. F. Nasirov, Z. K. Ishankhodzhaev [i dr.] // Universum: tekhnicheskie nauki. – 2024. – № 7-2(124). – S. 62-67. – DOI 10.32743/UniTech.2024.124.7.17932. – EDN FTZFLH.

Investigation of shrinkage of cartridged emulsion explosive in water-saturated conditions

Keywords:cartridged emulsion explosive, water-filled boreholes, borehole charging, charge shrinkage, detonation velocity, specific borehole capacity, water interlayers, detonation failure, blasting operations, quarries

This article investigates the challenges associated with the manual charging of cartridged emulsion explosive (EE) into water-filled small-diameter boreholes, a common practice in construction materials quarries as an alternative to mechanized methods. The key issue identified is the disruption of the charge column integrity during manual placement, leading to incomplete shrinkage of the explosive and the formation of water interlayers. These defects can cause a significant reduction or complete failure of detonation. The authors propose a method for monitoring charging quality based on comparing the design specific capacity of the borehole with its actual value measured after charging. Experimental studies were conducted in dry, fully water-filled, and partially water-filled boreholes, with measurements taken immediately after charging (0h), and after 6 and 24 hours. Results showed minimal deviations from design capacity in dry conditions, confirming the method's effectiveness. However, significant deviations were observed in water-filled boreholes (14.5% avg. at 0h for fully flooded), which only partially decreased over time (to 7.3% avg. at 24h for fully flooded), indicating persistent issues with compaction and potential water ingress. The study concludes that manual charging in watery conditions leads to unreliable charge formation, jeopardizing both the efficiency and safety of blasting operations, and highlights the need for developing improved techniques for these specific conditions.

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Reducing the excess of ore and rocks in layer-based mining of the yakovlevskoe depos-it by displacing the lateral contour boreholes

Keywords:development, layered stopes, working cross-section, stopes, rock and ore waste, breakaway zone radius, offsetting the side contour blastholes, industrial experiment

Experience with drifting and breaking iron ore in slice stopes at the Yakovlevskoye Mining and Processing Plant (YaGOK) mine showed that the actual average cross-section of the stopes was 22.7 m², compared to the design cross-section of 19.6 m², with an overcut volume of 3.1 m³ per 1 m of stope. The objective of this article is to develop a technical solution for reducing rock and ore overcutting in slice mining at the Yakovlevskoye iron ore deposit and to test it commercially. A method is proposed for reducing rock and ore overcutting by shifting side contour blastholes toward the center of the stope. For industrial experiments, it was proven that the side contour blasthole mouths should be offset by a distance equal to the average radius of the breakaway zone, i.e., 0.5 - 0.7 m from the designed working contour. Industrial experiments have shown that the method of offsetting the side contour blastholes leads to a reduction in rock and ore waste: the specific volume of ore waste decreased from 3.0 m3/m to 2.0 m3/m, and that of rock waste from 2.7 m3/m to 1.5 m3/m. The conducted research can be used to develop a "Computer Program" that determines the location of side contour blastholes based on the compressive strength of rocks and ores.

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The influence of the design of borehole charges and explosives on the negative seismic effects of explosions in combined mining

Keywords:borehole charge, various explosives, computer modeling, SPH smoothed particle method, seismic safety, combined development

The article examines the study of the effect of various explosives and borehole charges, including a fundamentally new method of constructing a borehole charge, on various mining facilities during combined mining. As you know, it is necessary to coordinate with the existing security requirements of Rostechnadzor, which, in particular, may affect them. The task is to solve the physical prerequisites and the results of comparative exploding of various production factors in laboratory conditions. Based on the physical prerequisites, computer modeling was carried out, which made it possible to conduct appropriate computational experiments at the measured points, taking into account the free surfaces of the rock mass. Graphs of the values of velocities and stresses at the accepted points of workings and measurements of some of the compared explosives ANFO, TNT, Gexogen, and Emulsifier were obtained. The various types of data obtained made it possible to solve the set production task.

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Accidents during production, storage and transportation emulsion explosives

Keywords:matrix emulsion, emulsion explosive, decomposition, explosion, ammonium nitrate

Data on accidents during the production, storage and transportation of emulsion explosives, the results and conclusions of SAFEX on unauthorized explosions and recommendations for the safe handling of emulsion explosives are presented. Major global accidents involving emulsion explosives are summarized, and test methods for evaluating explosive characteristics are presented.

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The results of scientific research and practical experience in the field of explosives

Keywords:conference, scientific council, public council, explosives, technology, development, explosives, science, research, experiment, work, speaker, object, electronic detonator, initiation system, devices, control, ecology, safety

Over the past three years, international conferences of the ANO "NOIV", meetings of the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences "On the problems of national economic use of explosions" and the commission of the Public Council at Rostechnadzor on the development of mining and explosives have been held in different cities of Russia. A distinctive feature of the events was the participation of specialists not only in mining and blasting, but also the presence of professionals from related and other sectors of the national economy, mathematicians, physicists, programmers, specialists in chemical industries, IT technologies and artificial intelligence, as well as discussions of research, experimental and – design, experimental work, urgent problems related to the production and supply of new domestic devices, methods for monitoring drilling and chemical work processes, drilling and blasting design programs and initiation tools, special ammonium nitrate for blasting and explosives used in mining enterprises and geophysical facilities. The issues of the country's sovereignty in the field of explosives for mining enterprises, research and development of mining technologies in the face of sanctions and terrorist threats to dangerous production facilities were highlighted. One of the important topics is the discussion of problems related to the development of the northern territories of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, the construction of facilities for the development of the Northern Sea Route, the development of electronic initiation systems and the specifics of the use of these systems in Russia.