"Explosion technology"— scientific and technical journal

Results of the XXI International conference of ANO «National organization of explosive engineers». New technologies of explosive business in the service of mining enterprises of Russia

Keywords:conference, explosive works, explosive materials, scientific and technical information, boring equipment, digital technologies, industrial safety, remote methods of monitoring, design, emulsion matrix, ammonium nitrate

The main results of research and production conference on mountain and explosive business are presented in article. A main objective of carrying out conference was discussion of a wide range of questions of carrying out mining and explosive operations, an exchange of scientific and technical information, definition of the perspective directions of creation and development of new equipment and technologies, development of joint scientific programs, establishment of business contacts between experts of a mountain profile and participants of a turn of explosive materials of industrial function of Russia and foreign countries. More than 240 representatives of 103 ministries, departments, the organizations and the enterprises representing all industries have taken part in work of conference, basic of which: iron ore, coal, nonferrous metallurgy, cement and diamond-mining, precious metals, chemical and fertilizers, construction. Among participants there were leading scientists and experts academic and research institutes, the expert and certified centers, and also the organizations and the enterprises of machine-building branches in the field of creation of plants on production of explosive materials.

Estimation of the duration of safe heating of the aluminum turn on in an ammonium-nitrene explosive

Keywords:ammonium nitrate explosives, sulfide ores, heating temperature of the interaction center of ore and ammonium nitrate explosives, pressure in the interaction center

A method is proposed for assessing the permissible time spent by ASVV in blast holes in a sulphide massif during the formation of local heating foci.The results obtained make it possible to reasonably form the direction of further research, both to ensure the safety of blasting operations and to develop safe technologies for blasting pyrite ores using ammonium nitrate explosives.

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2. Katyshev S.F. Modeling the behavior of ammonium nitrate in charging wells / S.F. Katyshev, V.N. The ten's manager, L.M. Teslyuk // Fire and explosion safety of substances and materials. – 2012. – No. 7. – S. 29-34.
3. Katyshev S.F. Determination of conditions for the safe use of ammonium nitrate explosives at sulfide deposits / S.F. Katyshev, V.N. The ten's manager, L.M. Teslyuk // Fire and explosion safety. – 2009. – T. 18. – No. 2. – S. 24-28.
4. Katyshev S.F. Determination of conditions for the safe use of ammonium nitrate explosives at sulfide deposits / S.F. Katyshev, V.N. The ten's manager, L.M. Teslyuk // Fire and explosion safety. – 2012. – T. 21. – No. 5. – S. 42-44.
5. Katyshev S.F. Determination of conditions for the safe use of ammonium nitrate explosives at sulfide deposits / S.F. Katyshev, V.N. The ten's manager, L.M. Teslyuk // Fire and explosion safety. – 2010. – T. 1. – No. 5. – S. 54-57.
6. Kuprin V.P. On the possibility of using water-filled ammonium nitrate explosives for the destruction of sulfide ores / V.P. Kuprin, I. L. Kovalenko // Mining information analytical bulletin. – 2010. – No. 8. – P. 131-136.
7. Petrov E.A. Influence of urea on thermal stability of ammonium nitrate explosives in sulfide environments / E.A. Petrov, P.I. Savin // Bulletin of the scientific center for work safety in the coal industry. – 2014. – No. 1. – P.158-161.
8. Petrov E.A. Investigation of the influence of the concentration of inhibiting additives on the chemical resistance of emulsion explosives in the pyrite environment. Petrov, N.P. Vdovin, P.I. Savin // Bulletin of the scientific center for work safety in the coal industry. – 2014. – No. 1. – P.158-161.
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12. MaslovI.Yu. Questions of experimental substantiation of the safe use of ammonium nitrate explosives in sulfide-containing rocks / I.Yu. Maslov, S.A. Gorinov // Explosive business. – 2020. – No. 126/83. – S. 68-84.
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Ways to improve the explosive characteristics of ammonium nitrate in the production of mixed explosives

Keywords:ammonium nitrate, granular ammonium nitrate, industrial explosives, specific surface area, granulometric composition, modular production point of mixed explosives, device for regulating granulometric composition

The article discusses various ways to increase the sensitivity of explosives based on ammonium nitrate. At the moment, new ways are being sought to improve the characteristics of explosives on the basis of the widespread dense ammonia salt GOST 2-2013. A simple method of preparing explosives based on it is proposed. It is shown that the characteristics of saltpeter and explosives are similar to those produced at present. The scheme of the device for regulating the granulometric composition of ammonium nitrate is given, the mechanism of its operation is analyzed in detail, possible options for installing the device in various industrial devices for the production of mixed explosives are given. The comparison of the granulometric composition of saltpeter passed through the device at a given perforation of the basket with other types of ammonium nitrate was carried out. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated.

1. GOST 2-2013 Ammonium nitrate. Technical conditions
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3. Galushko F.I., Kotlyarov A.A. Porous saltpeter of the company «Eurochem» // Pre-existing industry. 2019. No. 2. pp. 166-168.
4. Mikhailov Yu.M., Kolganov E.V., Sosnin V.A. Safety of ammonium nitrate and its use in industrial explosives. – Dzerzhinsk: Partner-plus, 2008. – 298 p.
5. Kostylev S.S. Method of manufacturing explosives based on crushed ammonium nitrate. Patent No. 2735073 C1 Russian Federation, 2020.
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Modelling oftest method forsensitivity of solid explosives to mechanical stress – destroying shell

Keywords:destruction, initiation, explosion, sensitivity, explosives, impact

A theoretical analysis of the original test method for determining the level of sensitivity of solid explosives to mechanical stress, which was named the Destructive Shell (DS), was carried out. It belongs to the number of non-impact test methods, when an explosive charge compressed to high pressure is suddenly released from it and freely scattered around. It is argued that in the process of high-speed movement, fragments of destruction are compressed by the parts of the test device with simultaneous physical and mechanical interaction with them, as well as with each other through heat exchange contacts and chemical reactions. The situation is generally similar to that which arises in the process of destruction of an explosive charge upon mechanical impact. Therefore, to analyze the DS method, the mathematical procedure for calculating the parameters of flows and temperatures of dissipative heating of the destroyed charge substance, previously developed for calculating an explosion upon impact, was used. The data obtained made it possible to clarify the formulations of the two main mechanisms of initiation of solid explosives by the DS method – viscous-plastic and frictional heating.

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2. Teselkin V. A. 2008. Vliianie razmera chastits komponentov na mekhanicheskuiu chuvstvitelnost metallizirovannykh vzryvchatykh veshchestv [Effect of particle size of the components on the mechanical sensitivity of metallized explosives]. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B 2(5): 609-616.
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Study of stress distribution when pressing powerful materials in the assemblyof the press tool in autodesk inventor

Keywords:computer simulation, numerical solution, computational experiment, powerful materials, press-tool, Autodesk Inventor

This article presents a computer study of the stress distribution during the pressing of energy-saturated materials in the assembly of a press tool using a modern software package Autodesk Inventor. Stress distributions during the pressing of a high-power high explosive in the assembly of a press tool using a modern Autodesk Inventor software package have been determined and studied. A computer study of the stress distribution during the pressing of energy-saturated materials in the assembly of the press tool was carried out. The analysis showed that the use of CAD makes it possible to improve the quality of design, reduce the design time and the number of engineering and technical workers engaged in design and construction. Numerical simulations and virtual inspections will not be able to completely replace real prototypes and tests, but they dramatically reduce the number of manufactured samples, which reduces material costs.

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Computer simulation of charge cumulation process with segment faces in ansys autodyn

Keywords:computer simulation, numerical solution, cumulation, segment lining, explosives, ANSYS AUTODYN

In this article, using modern computer technology developed and developed a method of solving the problem of modeling the breakdown action of cumulative charges with segment cladding (aluminum and copper) with different deflections of the cladding (0.15, 0.30 and 0.45) using computer models in the application software ANSYS AUTODYN. To illustrate the forecast values of the penetrations depths and diameters of the holes in the steel barrier. Using ANSYS AUTODYN is investigated based on the depths of the penetrations and the diameters of the holes from the deflections of the wall. With the help of the dependences of the penetration depths on the deflections of the facings, obtained on the basis of computer simulation results, it was determined that with the increase in the deflection of the facing, the breakdown ability of the cumulative charge increases linearly. The dependences of the hole diameters on the deflections of the facings obtained on the basis of computer simulation results show that the cumulative charge with a segment facing of aluminum has a larger diameter of the hole than the cumulative charge with a segment facing of copper. A comparative analysis of the obtained dependences and the results of computer simulation with full-scale experiments is carried out.

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The concept of development of drilling and blasting works mineral deposits

Keywords:explosion, scientific approaches, theory of explosion, field development, mathematical relationships, borehole charges, systems of differential equations, technological aspects, structure

The world experience in the use of explosion energy in mining blasting operations testifies to the trend of improving the technology of their implementation. The key point of this trend is the theoretical prerequisites for the action of the explosion and their improvement. In this article, based on the analysis of the theoretical and practical aspects of the action of the explosion, in the framework of drilling and blasting operations in the development of mineral deposits, a concept of their development is proposed. The main mathematical dependences characterizing the general approach of their application in various fields of activity are presented. Within the framework of the proposed concept, an example of computer modeling of the stress-strain state and failure of a rock massive during blasting operations is given.

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About drilling and blasting operations at large depths

Keywords:blasting, cracks, depth of development, stress state, rock pressure, deposit, mines

This article deals with an approach to solution for the urgent modern problem of drilling and blasting operations at great depths. Natural and technological factors, some features of which increase with the depth of field development, affecting the results of blasting operations are shown. Within the framework of the concept of «great depth», the known ultimate compressive strength of the rock massif is given as a criterion for the acting stresses. The real-world tasks and distinctive features of drilling-blasting operations in underground and opencast mining of mineral deposits with increasing depth are formulated, the differences between them are shown.

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Algorithm for determining the dependence between drilling parameters and physical and mechanical properties of rocks

Keywords:drilling, physical and mechanical properties of rocks, energy intensity of drilling, MWD, rock drillability, rock blastability, specific consumption of explosives, specific energy consumption for crushing the mass of rock

The article assesses the classifications of rocks by their hardness, drillability and blastability, and considers cases in which the application of these characteristics allows to calculate the parameters of drilling and blasting required for the quality of the crushing operations accurately enough. It was defined that for massifs with complex geological structure the parameters of drilling and blasting operations are set with considerable reserve that increases the cost of operations. The basic formulas for determining the specific consumption of explosives used in calculating the parameters of drilling and blasting operations are also considered. These formulas do not take into account changes in the geological structure of the massif and the properties of rocks. Based on all of the above, the authors have proposed a method for determining the type of rock in a block and its physical and mechanical properties through drilling parameters. For this purpose it is enough to determine correlation between parameters of blast drilling and these properties, which, further on, will allow to distribute charge energy in accordance with change of rock properties both on depth of the borehole and on area of the block.

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On the expediency of the use of a face in the conditions of blasting of multi-strength rocks

Keywords:drilling and blasting operations, downhole, frozen layer, explosion efficiency, various rocks

The article considers the issue of the use of downhole material in drilling and blasting operations in conditions of permafrost and seasonal permafrost, in the presence of a sharp difference in the physical and mechanical properties of rocks in the height of the ledge. An answer was received to the question about the exceptionally useful effect of the downhole charges. Several experimental explosions were carried out with the use of a slaughterhouse and without the use of a slaughterhouse material. As a result, when blasting without the use of a face, in a difficult mining and geological situation, the quality of preparation of the rock mass for excavation is higher than when blasting in similar conditions using a face material. It is shown that the use of a backfill has a negative effect on the crushing of the upper frozen layer.

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The influence of the explosive charge design on the formation of seismic and explosive waves

Keywords:explosion, explosive, charge design, seismic explosive waves, combined charge, air gap, initiation, mining operations, degree of crushing, seismogram

In order to obtain comparative qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the transmission of explosion energy to the destructible medium during the detonation of column charges of various designs with various initiation options, full-scale instrumental measurements of the parameters of seismic-explosive waves were carried out in the conditions of production of pilot explosions with subsequent analysis of the amplitude and energy spectra of analog signals. The data obtained may indicate in favor of combined charges and charges with air gaps and from the point of view of seismic safety in the area of protected objects.

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Research of static and dynamic stresses during sinking of underground working

Keywords:static and dynamic stresses, ring drift, near-circuit array, seismic vibrations, stability of workings, fastening parameters, spray-concrete support

In the conditions of the Safyanovsky underground mine, studies of static stresses on the support of the workings and the seismic effect of technological explosions during the sinking of the ring drift were carried out. To achieve these goals, industrial tests were carried out and a measurement technique was developed that allows recording the displacement rate of the array at several points using three-component GS-20DX seismic receivers connected to the recording computer using a seismic sensor.When any horizontal excavation or chamber is sunk in a rock block mountain range, a fracture zone is formed around it, the size of which depends on the actual stress state and structure of the rock mass. The size of the rock fracture zone around loose workings is influenced by the structural properties of the rock mass, i.e., the actual fracturing, the stress state of the rock mass, the size of the workings, and the amount of adhesion along the weakening planes.For the conditions of the mine of JSC "Safyanovskaya copper" in the course of experimental studies, it was found that the seismic impact of blasting operations during the sinking of the ring drift is U = 0.043 m/s, that is, less than the permissible value (U = 0.12 m/s) by 2.8 times. From which it can be concluded that technological explosions with such a mass of explosives produced during the construction of the mine in compliance with all established standards do not significantly affect the fastening of underground mine workings, since they do not cause damage that entails the need for repair for technical or aesthetic reasons. Thus, the type of support of the ring drift of the Safyanovsky underground mine is determined taking into account the static load, the action of tectonic stresses and the influence of the seismic impact of the explosion during the sinking of the mine.

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