"Explosion technology"— scientific and technical journal

About the quasi-static phase of technological explosion development

Keywords:borehole, charge, explosion, second stage of expansion, cylindrical quasi-static phase, crushing of rocks

The article outlines the main provisions of the part of the process of the impact of an explosion on rocks associated with the second stage of the expansion of the gas cavity, which we call the quasi-static phase of the explosion. The dimensions of the quasi-static cavity, the residual energy in the cavity, the distribution of energy and the distribution of the fracture energy density in the crushed volume are calculated, and the size of the rock pieces destroyed by the quasi-static phase of the explosion is determined. The presentation of the material is accompanied by a demonstration of the analytical dependencies for determining the process parameters, the results of calculations obtained when solving the option of blasting a borehole charge under specific conditions. The characteristic of the destructive ability of the cylindrical quasi-static phase, as one of the main factors of technological crushing of rocks by the explosion of borehole charges in open pits, is given.

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Experimental determination of fractionality coefficients

Keywords:rock massive, blockiness, blockiness category, blockiness classes, fractionality coefficient, technological fragmentation, technological parameters

The article describes a method for experimental determination of fractionation coefficients based on the measurement of the actual granulometric composition of blasted rock mass using the developed computer program and presents the results of a demonstration calculation of the numerical values of the fractionation coefficient for selected size classes for specific drilling and blasting conditions. works.

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Brief history and prospects for the development of industrial explosive substances

Keywords:industrial explosive substances, explosive materials, explosion, history of explosive work, mineral extraction structure, blasting operations

Industrial explosive substances have played a decisive role in shaping our modern world. Their use dates back to the 9th century, when, according to historical records, black powder was first used. However, it was not until the 19th century that the development of dynamite revolutionized the field of explosives. Since then, the compositions of explosive substances have continuously evolved to the present day. The current state of the industry is characterized by the production of more environmentally friendly and efficient explosive substances, as well as increased scientific and research work aimed at improving their properties and safety in handling them. The use of industrial explosive substances in the mining industry is an important part of the entire industry, and in the foreseeable future, their practical use will only grow. This work presents a brief history of the development of industrial explosive substances and the expected prospects for their development.

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Development of an emulsion explosive for work in northern and arctic regions

Keywords:northern and arctic regions, emulsion explosive, frost resistance, patronized EE

The development of rich deposits of solid minerals in remote and sparsely populated areas of the Polar Urals, Eastern Siberia and the Far East requires effective explosive technologies that take into account harsh climatic conditions and inaccessibility of deposits. An analysis of blasting technologies shows that an urgent task is the development of a frost-resistant emulsion explosive (EE) for the creation of cartridges, including small diameter ones. The paper shows that when forming a special formulation of the emulsion and using the polymer emulsifier "DEP-1", it is possible to obtain EE in which, at negative temperatures, the water used in the manufacture of the oxidizing phase of the emulsion will be in a crystallohydrate state. This EE meets the requirements of frost resistance. The resulting EE in a practically significant temperature range (–60 - +40 ˚С) is an elastic-plastic body, which makes it possible to form strong cartridges that retain their geometric dimensions. The socket for placing the detonator cap is easily made anywhere in the cartridge using an aluminum awl or a “spiral for wood” drill. The EE reliably detonates from the detonator cap of the non-electric initiation system. The detonation velocity in plastic pipes with a diameter of 40 mm reaches 5000 m/s.

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Determination of the inhibitor content in emulsion explosives for crushing pyrite ores

Keywords:emulsion explosives, mine water, pyrite, iron sulfates, inhibitors

To ensure the safety of the use of emulsion explosives (EE) in the extraction of sulfide-containing ores, the reactivity of these explosives is reduced by introducing inhibitors into their composition that slow down the rate of interaction of ammonium nitrate with pyrite. The paper presents a method for the theoretical determination of the required mass fraction of an inhibitor in EE to ensure the safe use of these explosives in sulfide ores. The results obtained are confirmed by experimental data. The work is of interest to specialists involved in improving the technology of blasting in the extraction of sulfide ores and increasing their safety level.

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The dependence of the speed of ball drilling of blast wells on the strength and fracturing of the mountain massifs

Keywords:the speed of ball drilling, drilling modes, physical and technical properties of rocks, strength coefficient, fracture parameters

This article describes studies of changes in the speed of ball drilling by two types of machines depending on the fracturing and strength of the mountain massif on the example of the Verninsky deposit. To calculate the drilling speed, a theoretical formula was used, the parameters of which are determined according to the telemetry of the drilling rig by the automated system "Wenco" - used at the field, as well as on the basis of initial data on the physical and technical properties of the rocks of the field. In the course of the study, analytical formulas were obtained for calculating the drilling speed of blast wells from the rock strength and fracturing of the massif. The obtained results can be used to predict the drilling speed and normalize the drilling process, as well as to adjust the parameters of drilling and blasting operations in order to qualitatively crush the rock mass in similar mining and geological conditions.

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18. Tyupin V.N. Determination of the speed of spherical and impact-rotational drilling of wells using the law of conservation of energy // GIAB. 2020. №6. pp. 76-84.
19. Tyupin V.N., Ignatenko I.M., Agarkov I.B., Kryuchkov I.S. Automated calculation of the parameters of blasting operations based on the index of the drillability of the fractured massif during the spherical drilling of wells in quarries // Gornyj zhurnal. 2021. № 12. pp. 75–79
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Electronic blasting systems benefits applying close strategically important secured facilities - blast energy discharge pauses method

Keywords:drilling and blasting operations, electronic blasting system, delay time, blast energy discharge pause, flyrocks, secured facilities

This article presents a safe and successful experience of blasting operations near strategically important secured facilities in the production conditions of ore quarries, where Evoblast Group of Companies (former Orica CIS) carries drilling and blasting operations to prepare the rocks for excavation. A positive result was achieved through the use of an electronic initiation system, which allows to control effectively the flyrocks due to the accurate delay time of primers in the borehole charges and due to a wide range of the downhole delays from 0 to 30000 ms. The delay time error of some electronic initiation system (EBS) manufacturers can be up to 0.005% of the nominal value, so each charge explodes according to a strictly planned sequence. And even the error of modern Chinese electronic detonators of 0.2% also allows to work with the design sequence of initiation of borehole charges. There is no generally accepted surface blast network in the electronic initiation system, only a harness wire connecting the detonators into a single circuit - therefore, after the signal enters the detonator, nothing on the surface of the block can affect the blast of borehole charges. A wide range of delay time allows to blast holes or groups of holes with a certain sequence between them and an interval of up to several hundred or thousands of milliseconds, which makes it possible to form new free faces and control the flyrocks in the desired direction. Thus, it becomes possible to effectively manage the main negative factors of the blast: the flyrocks, the displacement of rock mass, seismic impact, shock air wave. All this helps to eliminate serious damage to strategically important secured facilities and keep their functionality.

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7. Rozhdestvenskii V.N. Investigation of methods for controlling the collapse width during rock blasting at pits: Avtoref. dis. …kand. tekhn. nauk. Ekaterinburg: Institut gornogo dela Uralskogo otdeleniya Rossiiskoi akademii nauk, 1997, p. 27 (in Russian).

Experience in the development of a contour detonation charge

Keywords:charge of contour detonation, mass explosion, preliminary crevice formation, projection, resistance to aggressive media, detonation rate

The article presents a brief overview of the contour detonation charge developed by JSC "53 Arsenal". The criteria for the selection of materials for the case of the charge and the explosive are given. The design of the charge, the types of initiation means used, the methods of their attachment to the charge, the mass and overall dimensions of the charges are considered. A brief overview of the main points of the organization of production and testing of charges for compliance with the requirements of technical documentation and regulations is presented. The results of measurements of the detonation velocity of charges are presented. The experience of using SCB and a brief comparison of the parameters of contour blasting charges used in the quarries of the Russian Federation are given.

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3. JSC "Bryansk Chemical Plant named after the 50th anniversary of the USSR" URL: https://bhz.su
4. CJSC "MOROZOVKA" URL: https://azotvzryv.ru
5. JSC "Polymer" URL: https://polimer-chapaevsk.ru/zaryad-konturnogo-vzryvaniya-zkv-b-tu-7276-56466532-25-2007.
6. Industrial explosive substances. Charges of contour blasting SCB ("S.C.B.") (Smooth Contour Blasting) Technical specifications 20.51.11-001-08267263-2019, JSC "53 arsenal", Nizhny Novgorod region, Volodarsky district, Yuganets work settlement, 2019, 34 p.
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Improving the efficiency of underground min-ing by using a locking face in the holes

Keywords:mining, mine, blasting, explosives, rock destruction, hole, locking face, parameters of drilling and blasting operations

The practice of blasting shows that the use of a backhole is one of the main factors in increasing the efficiency of drilling and blasting operations during the penetration of underground mine workings. The development of fundamentally new types and types of drilling of borehole charges of explosives (explosives) to increase the utilization rate of boreholes and the quality of crushing rocks of various strengths by explosion is an urgent task of mining today. The methods developed to date have shown the prioritization of the specific consumption of explosives and the subsequent calculation of the drilling and blasting operations passport, but they do not always give the required results. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the methods currently used allow the integrated design of drilling and blasting operations passports according to the calculated damage zones, however, the disadvantage of this technique is the use of wedge cuttings, while their drilling by self-propelled drilling rigs can be very difficult. This article presents the design of the hammer made of polymer locking action in the holes, the method of determining the parameters of the drilling and blasting operations and the method of conducting blasting operations during the penetration of horizontal mine workings.

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8. Giyazov O.M. Experimental-industrial test sand Industrial implementation of the developed design of the locking hole of explosive charges when passing underground mining works // The American Journal of Engineering and Technology. ‒ USA, October 24, 2021. ‒ pp. 16-19.
9. Norov Yu.D., Bunin Zh.V., Zairov Sh.Sh., Nutfullaev G.S. Intensification of destruction of an array of multi-strength rocks by explosive charges with cumulative effect // Mining Journal. – Moscow, 2016. – No. 2.– pp. 16-20.
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The state of the atmosphere in the limestone quarry area

Keywords:quarry, limestone mining, emissions into the atmosphere, short-delayed blasting, pollutants

During the development of the Novogurovo deposit, pollutants are released into the atmosphere by an explosive method. The main processes leading to emissions are drilling and blasting operations, excavation and loading operations, the operation of dump truck engines, blowing off materials from the surface, transportation of rock mass. The intensity of such emissions depends on the properties and condition of the rock, weather conditions, development technology, and the effectiveness of methods for suppressing dust and harmful gases. In this regard, dust and gas pollution in the workplace can vary greatly and have a negative impact on people and the environment. In the Novogurovsky quarry, during mass explosions, the sources of dust and gas emissions were investigated and a qualitative and quantitative assessment of their components was given. The dispersed composition of the dust is given, depending on the distance to the explosion. The characteristic of harmful gases released during explosion is given. It is noted that the amount of toxic substances released depends on the brand of explosives and the oxygen balance of the explosive materials used. The dependence of the increase in the volume of dust released during the explosion on the strength coefficient of rocks on the scale of M. M. Protodiakonov was revealed. Field observations have recorded that the time of dispersion, the height of ascent, the range of propagation of the dust and gas cloud under different weather conditions in the quarry is different.

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